Telecommunications Evolution Timeline The presentation will consist of the major milestones of telecommunications, networking, and voice over internet protocol. NTC/362 Presented By: xxxxxxxxx

Early Beginnings of Telecommunications 1793 - The Chappe brothers established the first commercial semaphore system between two locations near Paris. Napoleon thought this was a great idea. Soon there were semaphore signaling systems covering the main cities of France. Semaphore signaling spread to Italy, Germany and Russia. Thousands of men were employed manning the stations. Speed: about 15 characters per minute. Code books came into play so that whole sentences could be represented by a few characters. This slide concludes the first semaphore system between two locations in which the Chappe brothers were able to communicate with one another from one location to another.

The Telephone 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. Elisha Gray files a patent application 3 hours after Bell. Over 600 patent suits filed during the next 11 years. Settled in Bell's favor. Bell offers his patent to Western Union for $100,000. This slide consists of a major milestone in telecommunications when Alexander Graham Bell successfully invents the telephone which begins a revolution in global telecommunications.

The Dial Telephone System 1892 - Almon Strowger, the St. Louis undertaker, became upset on finding that the wife of a competitor was a telephone operator who made his line busy and transferred calls meant for him to her husband. "Necessity is the mother of invention" so Strowger developed the dial telephone system to get the operator out of the system. He forms a Chicago firm, Automatic Electric, to manufacture step-by-step central office equipment (which is now owned by GTE) This slide consist of a major milestone in telecommunications in which Almon Strowger successfully invented the dial telephone system to eliminate the operator that transfers calls and connects the call directly.

Hush-a-Phone Decision 1956 -. Telco tariffs did not permit customers to add even shoulder rests, let alone noise reducing Hush-a-Phone cup over the microphone. In North Carolina, one was not permitted to place a cover on a telephone directory. (This latter issue was stricken by order of the North Carolina Supreme Court.) The Hush-a-Phone court decision was important because it permitted customer-provided equipment that a privately beneficial and not publicly harmful could be connected to the network. Hush-a-Phone permitted the use of acoustically and/or inductively coupled answering machines, such as Jordaphone, and also fax machines. Previously, AT&T permitted only Government and newspaper wire services to connect fax machines and wire photo equipment. One of the early founders of a fax manufacturing company met with Walter Gifford, President of AT&T in the early 1920s to obtain permission to connect wire line fax equipment to the network for use by newspapers. This slide consists of the controversial decision in which Telco tariffs did not permit customers to reduce noise but using a Hush-a-Phone cup over the microphone.

Carterphone Decision 1968 -FCC approves Carterphone Decision. AT&T ordered to revise tariffs effective 1/1/69 to permit connection of CPE. (It took about 10 years of legal action to get Part 68 of the FCC rules in place and operational by 1978). AT&T starts development of the Integrated Digital Services Network (ISDN). Gary Englehart at Stanford Research Institute demonstrates the first combination of a keyboard, keypad, mouse, windows and word processor. Dan Noble, IBM, developed the 8-inch floppy disk. Its capacity increased from 33K in 1971 to 1200K in 1977. AT&T starts 56 Kbps service. Pieter Kramer (Philips) invents the compact disk. This slide consists of the FCC approving the Carterphone Decision in which AT&T is ordered to revise tariffs to permit the connection of CPE.

Part 68 Adopted 1975  -. The First Report and Order in Docket 19528 led to Part 68 of FCC rules. A court stay was lifted on June 16, 1976 to permit the registration program to go into effect for toll restrictors, answering machines and data modems. Popular Electronics features the MITS Altair 8800 computer which is considered the first personal computer. Fiber optics being trialed in the U.S. and Europe. FCC's Docket 20099 meetings from 1974 through 1983 establishes carrier-to-carrier interconnection standards. After the breakup of the Bell System, this activity was taken over by the Exchange Carriers Standards Association, later known as the Alliance for Telecommmunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). Docket 20774 establishes standard plugs and jacks for the registration program. This slide consists of the adoption of Part 68, in which a court stay was lifted to permit the registration program to go into effect for toll restrictors, answering machines, and data modems.

AT&T Breakup 1984 - Court orders divestiture of AT&T based on Department of Justice suit. Fred Henck, publisher of Telecommunications Reports andBernie Strassburg, retired Chief of the Common Carrier Bureau, in their book covering the divestiture of AT&T estimated that legal fees and settlements cost AT&T more than $5 billion.  This slide consists of the breakup of AT&T in which the FCC decisions released relative to turning over previously installed premises wiring to premises owners; Congressionally mandated hearing aid-compatibility requirements for "essential" phones. FCC permits registration of privately owned "instrument operated" coin phones.

Early Beginnings in Networking 1960 - AT&T designed its Dataphone, the first commercial modem, specifically for converting digital computer data to analog signals for transmission across its long distance network. Outside manufacturers incorporated Bell Laboratories´ digital data sets into commercial products. The development of equalization techniques and bandwidth-conserving modulation systems improved transmission efficiency in national and global systems. This slide consists of a major milestone in networking in which AT&T has designed its Dataphone that is able to successfully convert digital computer data to analog signals to transmit over a long distance network.

Packet Switching Network 1975 - Telenet, the first commercial packet- switching network and civilian equivalent of ARPANET, was born. The brainchild of Larry Roberts, Telenet linked customers in seven cities. Telenet represented the first value-added network, or VAN — so named because of the extras it offered beyond the basic service of linking computers. This slide consists of the first commercial packet switching network by Telenet in which Telenet represented the first value-added network.

The ARPANET Split 1983 - The ARPANET splits into the ARPANET and MILNET.  Due to the success of the ARPANET as a way for researchers in universities and the military to collaborate, it was split into military (MILNET) and civilian (ARPANET) segments.  This was made possible by the adoption of TCP/IP, a networking standard, three years earlier.  The ARPANET was renamed the “Internet” in 1995. This slide consists of a major milestone in which ARPANET splits into ARPANET and MILNET that later results in the adoption of TCP/IP a networking standard.

The World Wide Web 1990 - The World Wide Web was born when Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, the high-energy physics laboratory in Geneva, developed HyperText MarkupLanguage. HTML, as it is commonly known, allowed the Internet to expand into the World Wide Web, using specifications he developed such as URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and HTTP (HyperTextTransfer Protocol). A browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer, follows links and sends a query to a server, allowing a user to view a site. This slide consists of the birth of the World Wide Web in which Tim Berners-Lee has successfully developed HTML to design a webpage to be viewed on the web.

The Mosaic Web Browser 1993 - The Mosaic web browser is released. Mosaic was the first commercial software that allowed graphical access to content on the internet. Designed by Eric Bina and Marc Andreessen at the University of Illinois’s National Center for Supercomputer Applications, Mosaic was originally designed for a Unix system running X-windows. By 1994, Mosaic was available for several other operating systems such as the Mac OS, Windows and AmigaOS. This slide consists of the release of the Mosaic web browser designed by Eric Bina and Marc Andreessen at the University of Illinois in which the browser allowed graphical access to content on the Internet.

Voice over Internet Protocol 1995 - Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP was invented with Vocaltec's software that allowed one PC to talk to another over an Internet connection. Between 2000 and 2002, several companies developed software and maintained hardware to make calls from PC-to-phone and phone-to-phone over Internet and outside traditional phone lines. However, the history of Voip extends further back into the world of pre internet that most people would think. The first Voip calls where made as far back as 1973. The capability to send voice across a digital network was pioneered on the ARPANET network, the precursor to the modern Internet. It only carried data and voice between the private network of computers on the APRPANET grid but the seeds for the VOIP revolution where sown by these pioneers.  This slide consists of how VoIP is making an impact in the world of telecommunications today in which many businesses and residents are making the switch from traditional PBX systems to VoIP for the reasons of cost, and easy to use system with an Internet connection.

References Timeline in Telecommunications, Retrieved on January 22, 2012 from http://www.telephonetribute.com/timeline.html Timeline in Computer History, Retrieved on January 22, 2012 from http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=n et A History in VoIP, Retrieved on January 22, 2012 from http://www.articlesbase.com/networks-articles/a- history-of-voip-837826.html This slide consists of the references used to create this presentation that shows the evolution of global telecommunications.