Review for Quiz 03/28

Evolution

Natural Selection Review Requirements: Big, diverse population Time More born then live Cause: Selection Factors Density Dependent Limiting Factors: Lack of food Disease Predation Density Independent Limiting factors: Weather/Environment  Natural Disaster

Natural Selection Review - Definition Process where organisms that are more fit survive in the environment while others do not These fit traits may be passed on to the other generation Over time these fit traits may become dominate within the population  changes the population

Genes and Variation - Microevolution Larger/darker Evolution Natural Selection Genetic Drift (chance/more common) – geographic isolation What, on genetic level causes these? MUTATIONS! Harmful, Beneficial, Neutral Adaptation? Beneficial Why are populations not identical? Gene Pool --> migration Isolation Mutations Different population  different mutations Smaller/lighter This is called  MICROEVOLUTION, changes within species

Genes and Variation - macroevoltuion What if so many changes, population can no longer breed with the original population? New species  Speciation DNA  mutation  Beneficial  passed on to offspring  Time  isolation (1 of the 5)  new species (can’t mate with original population) What type of Evolution is this called? Macroevolution - evolution between species

Click pictures to watch videos - hyperlinked Types of Isolation Ecological Isolation: same ecosystem, different parts (day vs. nocturnal, top vs. bottom of pond) Temporal Isolation: heat, breeding time (april vs. may) Behavioral Isolation: dance, fight - ritual Mechanical or Chemical Isolation: physical or chemical (proteins genes) Geographical Isolation: physical barrier where they do not interact.

Evidence of Evolution 1-3: fossils for legs + nostrils/blow holes 4: movement of swimming 5: Valley of Whales in Egypt 6: Hox genes – body plan genes Fossils + Law of Superposition Homologous Structures (Homology) Embryology (Development) Behavioral Geography (geographic distribution) Genetics and Biochemistry

Phylogenic Trees, Evolutionary Trees, Cladograms Shows relationship of similarities Review! Had three activities about these Should be able to analyze given one and make your own