Late posttraumatic epilepsy usually occurs within the first 2 years after the injury. Seizures are believed to originate from a cerebromeningeal scar.26.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The presence of ecchymoses or scars on the lower back or buttocks is almost always the result of physical abuse. Slap marks, human bites, and lash marks.

Advertisements

Automatisms with preserved responsiveness were observed exclusively during seizures arising from the right nondominant temporal lobe. They were not observed.

Benign infantile seizures are characterized by (1) familial or nonfamilial occurrence; (2) normal development prior to onset; (3) onset mostly during the.

Low Voltage EKG Activity Due to Scalp Edema; High Frequency Jet Respirator Artifact. An 18-day-old boy with diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary hypoplasia,

Scalp Edema and High Frequency Respirator Artifacts

The EEG features and their evolution change with age

In the scalp EEG, slow-wave activity was present in 62%

BHS occur most commonly within the first 18 months of age

Acute irritant contact dermatitis on the hand due to an industrial solvent There is massive blistering on the palm. Source: Eczema/Dermatitis, Fitzpatrick's.

A child presenting with high fever, refusal to eat, and sores in the mouth. (Photo contributor: Binita R. Shah, MD.) Source: Chapter 3. Infectious Diseases,

Transient Unilateral Attenuation of Background Activity During Sleep

The typical EEG of hydranencephaly shows a flat pattern but the EEG of severe hydrocephalus does not demonstrate a flat pattern. Visual evoked potential.

Additional electrodes can be used to supplement the standard System

Adapted from Weiss et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:

A mild and inconsistent asymmetry of photic driving response is frequently seen in normal individuals. An asymmetry in photic driving response may result.

Generalized, frontally predominant, rhythmic fast activity is the most common ictal EEG accompaniment of generalized tonic seizures. Ictal EEG patterns.

Lateralized Background Suppression; Hemiplegic Migraine

Molluscum contagiosum Occasionally, a lesion of molluscum contagiosum may grow to as large as 3 cm in diameter. Two photos of such “giant mollusca” are.

Very Low-Voltage Background Activity; Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). A 6-day-old infant who was born at term with Apgar scores of 0, 0, 0, 3, 4,

Forearm support for sustained work at the computer.

Outcomes after surgery, cortical resection, or hemispherectomy in infants with catastrophic focal epilepsy are very good. About 75–78% are seizure-free.

The LifeStat system is an example of a piston compression device

CBZ is the most common antiepileptic drug (AED) causing AED-induced seizure worsening. CBZ can both aggravate and induce new seizure types including absence,

In this patient, the ground electrode was placed on the forehead and the low-impedance active electrode occurred in the occipital region. Therefore, the.

Patients with IS caused by FCD frequently develop partial seizures that can precede, be simultaneous with, or follow the cluster of epileptic spasms. Spasms.

PFA may be a reflection of proximity of the epileptogenic zone to the recording electrodes. Seizures arising from the lateral frontal convexity began with.

The scalp EEG is frequently negative or maybe misleading; furthermore, spread of epileptic discharges from the parietal and occipital lobes to frontal.

The “H-response” is a prominent photic driving response at flash rates beyond 20 Hz. In a critical review of the literature, the reported sensitivity of.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH), a deficiency in the E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is one of the.

Abnormal EEGs were found in 43–75% of autistic children and 82% of their EEGs; 46% had clinical seizures. Nearly all children with seizures had epileptiform.

Scaphoid fracture. A. Scaphoid fracture nonunion. B

Morton’s foot with the first ray shorter than the second

The causes of OS are symptomatic or organic; the causes of EME can be genetic, metabolic, or entirely unknown. OS causes tonic spasms and partial seizures.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is often associated with severe focal epilepsy. Intraoperative ECoG showed one of the following patterns: (1) repetitive.

A: High female anatomic anomaly. Low vaginal fistula

MAS develop atonia immediately after a single or a series of 2–3 myoclonic seizures (MS). A sudden loss of tone causes either a drop attack or slight myatonia,

A close relationship exists between heterotopic nodules and cortical regions in bilateral PNH, with an epileptogenic network including both structures.

The SSS phenomenon is defined as a pair of sequential ictal potentials separated by complete or almost complete cessation of seizure activity; the SSS.

Malignant rolandic-sylvian epilepsy (MRSE) differs from BECTS and LKS in its refractoriness to medication, clusters of seizures, change in semiology, and.

The incidence of epilepsy in children with hydrocephalus is approximately 30%. Myelomeningocele carries a low risk at approximately 7%, cerebral malformations.

Epilepsy is an important predictor of poor intellectual outcome in the children with hydrocephalus with shunts. Epilepsy was significantly affected by.

POLG1 mutations should be considered in teenagers and young adults reporting episodic visual symptoms with migraine-like headaches and sudden-onset intractable.

Eye Fluttering During Photic Stimulation

An adolescent with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC line) in the right upper extremity. Source: Pediatric Acute-Care Hospital, Meeting.

Six hundred and nine patients diagnosed clinically as brain dead were studied; 326 had final cardiac asystole while still being ventilated. The median.

A standard epidural order form.

Obstructive sleep apnea resulting in significant oxygen desaturation occurred in this child who had a long history of snoring. A nasopharyngeal airway.

Ohtahara syndrome is a very rare and devastating form of epileptic encephalopathy of very early infancy. Onset of seizures is mainly by 1 month of age.

After the seizure has been viewed using conventional frequencies and muscle activity has been removed, a search for baseline shifts should be performed.

Stroke or hemorrhage is the most common structural abnormality that causes focal clonic or tonic seizures. In addition, focal tonic or clonic seizures.

The extent of the PET hypometabolism may be substantially larger than the electrical focus.55 The relationship between the area of hypometabolism and the.

In this patient, the ground electrode was placed on the forehead and the low-impedance active electrode occurred in the occipital region. Therefore, the.

Patients presenting with clinical features compatible with MAE but with seizure semiology consistent with focal seizure or focal abnormality seen in the.

Photic driving responses in children <6 years are relatively small

BiPLEDs are PLEDs that are bilateral, generally asynchronous, and differ in amplitude, morphology, repetitive rate, and location. They are most commonly.

Only 23% of the survivors of RSE were normal at follow-up; 34% showed developmental deterioration and 36% developed new-onset epilepsy.230 Mortality is.

ECS is more common in females

Usually, scalp-recorded ictal DC shifts are not successfully recorded because movements during clinical seizures could cause artifacts. They are highly.

Secondarily generalized discharges are a common occurrence with frontal lobe epilepsy. The EEG findings that suggest secondary bilateral synchrony include.

POLG1 mutations should be considered in teenagers and young adults reporting episodic visual symptoms with migraine-like headaches and sudden-onset intractable.

“Zip-like electrical discharges (Zips)” is a common ictal EEG pattern in neonates, which consists of focal episodic rapid spikes of accelerating and decelerating.

The typical EEG in SWS is asymmetric, with local voltage depression and background slowing ipsilateral to the affected hemisphere. This asymmetry may be.

The presence of PDA and depression of beta and alpha activities is supportive of underlying structural abnormalities (both gray and white matter) in the.

The nomogram is also not useful if the time of ingestion is uncertain, if ingestion occurred more than 24 hours before presentation, or if repeated ingestion.

The best predictor of surgical outcome is the presence of a focal epileptic generator that may or may not include the PNH. Invasive recording is required.

CEEG monitoring detected seizure activity in 19% of patients, and the seizures were almost always nonconvulsive. Coma, age 24 hours of monitoring to detect.

ESES may be the result of a secondary bilateral synchrony

Take a detailed history of the description of the event, precipitants, duration, and postevent behavior. Does history suggest an epileptic seizure disorder?

In the study of 120 patients with defective alpha activity by mental arithmetic at Mayo Clinic, 32 patients had Bancaud phenomenon. Associated focal slowing.

An interictal EEG in BFNC was normal and discontinuous, and showed focal or multifocal sharp waves or “théta pointu alternant” pattern. The théta pointu.

Presentation transcript:

Late posttraumatic epilepsy usually occurs within the first 2 years after the injury. Seizures are believed to originate from a cerebromeningeal scar.26 The 5-year and 30-year cumulative incidence after severe head injury was 10% and 16.7%, respectively.27 The likelihood of late posttraumatic epilepsy is increased by the presence of any of 3 factors: an acute hemorrhage, a depressed skull fracture, and early epilepsy.28–31 Annegers and colleagues found that the presence of early posttraumatic epilepsy did not predict late posttraumatic epilepsy.32 Source: Focal Nonepileptoform Activity, Atlas of Pediatric EEG Citation: Laoprasert P. Atlas of Pediatric EEG; 2011 Available at: https://neurology.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1042/lao001_fig_04-37.gif&sec=59079331&BookID=1042&ChapterSecID=59078726&imagename= Accessed: October 30, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved