References & Citations

Why is correct referencing important? Academic Reasons Practical Reasons It is a requirement for your department/school Allows others to easily find your sources (give as much information as you can) Puts current work into context Helps you re-trace your reading in the future Provides supporting evidence for facts, opinions, data, approaches taken Poor information sources and poor referencing loses marks Gives your work academic credibility Shows the breadth of your reading Avoids plagiarism!

What are references and citations? Appears in the text of your essay, wherever you use a quote or incorporate an idea you have picked up from another source Reference Appears at the end of your essay or chapter, or sometimes at the bottom of each page, and gives full details of the source of your information Reference list A list at the end of a chapter or essay giving full details of sources cited within the essay Bibliography A list at the end of your essay which gives the full details of all sources which you have read even if they are not referred to within the text

✗ ✔ Citation required No citation required You are quoting directly from another source ✔ Mention a fact that is commonly known ✗ Present the results of your own survey or experiment You are writing about another researcher’s theory or idea using your own words, as a paraphrase or a summary You use an image from the web You are using facts and figures from another writer to support your idea You use a diagram from a book You include some statistics that your lecturer has given you in a lecture

What type of referencing should we use? Family studies is a social science Social sciences use the APA (American Psychological Association) style of referencing

Different Types of Sources A book A chapter in an edited book A journal article An electronic journal article A website A magazine article A newspaper article And many more…

Basic Format for Books Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Basic Format for Journal Articles Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.

Basic Format for Websites Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of webpage/document. Retrieved from http://Web address Angeli, E., Wagner, J., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

For more information about APA style references… https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1/