Generalizing or generating? Prof.dr.ir. Taeke M. de Jong Delft, 2014-04-23 TUD

Minnaert

De Sonnenborgh in Utrecht

Het onderzoek van Minnaert

Solar spectrum

Atlas of the solar spectrum 1940

De medewerkers

17 april 1943

Arierverklaring

Geen colleges, practica en examens

Een enclave

Onderduikende student-assistenten

Radiotelescoop

Empirical research generalizes probabilities reduced in verbal language problem statement (problem isolation) clear aim references starting points hypothesis variables data method content publish

Design study begins without an object

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists 16

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems 17

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims 18

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts 19

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts has no other starting point than this context 20

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts has no other starting point than this context has no other hypothesis than a design concept as a possibility 21

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts has no other starting point than this context has no other hypothesis than a design concept as a possibility has a content increasing by drawing, calculating and writing 22

Design study begins without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts has no other starting point than this context has no other hypothesis than a design concept as a possibility has a content increasing by drawing, calculating and writing publishes by realisation, the medium as the message 23

Empirical research generalizes probabilities problem statement (problem isolation) clear aim references starting points hypothesis variables data method content publish 24

You may know probable futures From empirical research

You may design possible futures Design is not always science, but science is a design! Anything probable is possible, but, not anything possible is also probable. There are improbable possibilities: the core of design

Design study generates possibilities Research produces probabilities by causes Design produces possibilities by conditions

You may want desirable futures Some are probable, Some are possible, others are not.

Aims are desirable possibilities, problems undesirable probabilities Probable futures you do not want Possible futures you want

Three language games involved three modes of reason Modal verb first You ‘can know’, not ‘know can’

Field of problems and aims Problems: probable, but not desirable futures Aims: desirable, but not probable futures

Modes of thinking IMAGINABLE POSSIBLE PROBABLE desirable

Managerial Cultural Economic Technical Ecological Physical Layers of the context Managerial Cultural Economic Technical Ecological Physical

Levels of the context R = 1m R = 3m R = 10m R = 30m R = 100m R = 300m

Context analysis first Levels Layers

Intention Function Structure Form Content Orders of the object Intention Function Structure Form Content

Design study starts without an object is bound to a managerial, cultural, economic, technical, ecological and spatial context, its stakeholders and specialists can not isolate problems from this coherent field of problems can not isolate a clear target from this coherent field of aims has images as references: forms, types, models, concepts has no other starting point than this context has no other hypothesis than a design concept as a possibility has a content increasing by drawing, calculating and writing publishes with the medium as a message has many ways to study (a book with 10 000 key words) 37

Ways to study

Ways to Study and Research urban, architectural and technical design CONTENTS Introduction Naming and describing Design research and typology Evaluating Modeling Programming and optimizing Technical Study  Design Study Study by design Epilogue Empirical research Study by design Research: the object is determined Study: the object is variable Design research: studying existing designs Typology: more general designerly conclusions Design study: designing in a more ore less determined context (commisioner of programme of rewuirements). Study by design: both object and context are variable. Change between typology and design study. Eerste methodologiecommissie: Priemus en Tzonis o.l.v. Rosemann, indeling Den Draak Tweede methodologiecommissie AI: vd Bergh, Eekhout, de Jong: Twee opdrachten: boek en evaluatie AI-voorstellen Boek: spitsroedenlopen tussen empirici en ontwerpers, nauwelijks auteurs AI-deelnemers Schema: bewerking van een schema van Frieling, laatste bewerking van Frieling niet meer gebruikt.

An explicit future context protects your study against judgements with other suppositions about the future context raises the debate about the robustness of your study in different future contexts makes your study comparable to other studies in comparable contexts raises a ‘field of problems’ instead of an isolated ‘problem statement’ by subtracting desirable futures from the probable ones

Explicit impacts within that context indicate actors and specialists to join the team or take into account imply a societal and personal relevance or fascination imply a field of aims imply actors willing to finance your study could produce a programme of requirements before you have a precise study proposal !

Design variables R=1m (0.3-3m)

Design variables R=3m (1-10m)

Design variables R=10m (3-30m)

Design variables R=30m (10-100m)

Design variables R=100m (30-300m)

Design variables R=300m (0.1-1km)

Form is dispersion in space

Variables dispersed in space

Spotmap The Hague

Spotmap Almere 10x10km

How to limitate, concentrate give way to fascinations (motivated concentrations) choose a scale (frame and grain) before an object publish your portfolio evaluating it as field of abilities decide to improve or to extend them in your proposal publish images that fascinate you as a field of means look at them as a professional: which concepts, types, models programmes could you harvest? make your assumptions about the future explicit imagine the impacts your study could have cash your dreams