The Decline of Byzantium and Its Influence to the Modern World The Byzantine Empire The Decline of Byzantium and Its Influence to the Modern World

Start of Byzantine Empire Constantine the Great moved the capital city from Rome to Byzantium (later called as Constantinople)

Factors in Choosing Constantinople as the New Capital has natural borders which served as protection against invaders sat across the main trade routes between Europe and Asia distance of the capital city resulted to the formation of a distinct culture

Rule of Justinian I his reign is marked by “Renovatio Imperii” or “renovation of the empire” that aimed to recover lost Roman Empire territories ordered the creation of civil law known as Corpus Juris Civilis or Justinian Code which became the basis for many modern law codes

Rule of Justinian I co-ruled by his wife, Theodora – promoter of women’s rights Theodora served as his adviser during the Nika Riot, which later led to the killing of around 30,000 rioters "Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress."

Rule of Justinian I trade prospered during his reign, including the rise of silk production made a lot of infrastructures "Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress."

(Constantinople as the Center) Christian Church Western Roman Empire (Rome as the Center) Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople as the Center) Schism of 1054 (East-West Split) Pope Leo IX vs. Patriarch Michael Cerularius Western Europe’s ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH head is Pope used Latin priests are not allowed to marry Eastern Europe’s EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH head is Patriarch used Greek and vernaculars priests are allowed to marry

The Decline of the Byzantine Empire Weakened after internal problems and new waves of enemies Seljuk Turks destroyed the Imperial Army and the town of Manzikert (1071) Emperor Alexios I of the Komnenos dynasty appealed to Pope Urban to help him against his struggles against the Turks - - - - - - The Decline of the Empire and Notable Emperors

Before the 1st Crusade

The Decline of the Byzantine Empire The Empire initially benefited from the Crusades, but later on hastened its decline The Italian cities gradually controlled the Empire’s commerce and wealth. In 1204, during the 4th Crusade, the Western European Knights and Venetian merchants sacked Constantinople .

Empire of Nicaea (1215)

The Decline of the Byzantine Empire In 1261, Michael VIII Palaiologos recaptured Constantinople and reestablished the Empire.

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire In 1453, the Turks, led by Sultan Mehmed II, attacked Constantinople and led to the destruction of the Byzantine Empire.

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire Constantine XI (1404-1453) The last emperor of the Byzantine Empire “To surrender the city to you is beyond my authority or anyone else's who lives in it, for all of us, after taking the mutual decision, shall die out of free will without sparing our lives.”

Constantine XI and Mehmed II

Constantinople and Great Bombard

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World A. The Empire studied and preserved literature, arts, law, science, mathematics and philosophy of Ancient Rome and Greece. - - - - - - Contributions

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World B. Eastern Christianity and Cyrillic Alphabet Cyril and Methodius invented the alphabet for writing the Slavic Alphabet. Orthodox missionaries carried the Empire’s religion and culture to southern and eastern Europe.

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World C. Byzantine Art Influenced by Greco-Roman Style Vivid colors and elaborate designs, often with religious themes or symbols Famous for icons (small religious image)

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World

The Influence of the Byzantine Empire to the Modern World D. Byzantine Architecture Valens Aqueducts Basilica Cistern Great Walls of Constantinople Hippodrome Hagia Sophia

Valens Aqueduct (Fatih, Istanbul)

Basilica Cistern (Fatih, Istanbul)

Great Walls of Constantinople

Hippodrome

Hagia Sophia

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2.1 Answer pages 164-165 (Letters C – Fill Out the Chart and D – Venn Diagram). Write your answers on a short bondpaper. For C, list five contributions of the Byzantine Empire and five contributions of the Roman Empire. For D, compare Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire.

RUBRIC TO BE USED FOR THE VENN DIAGRAM CRITERIA Strong Grasp (4 points for the 1st Criteria, 3 points for the 2nd to 3rd Criteria) Progressing (3-2 points for the 1st Criteria, 2 points for the 2nd to 3rd Criteria) Not in Evidence (1 point) Score Text support of comparison statements All statements are supported by the text. Most statements are supported by the text. Few or none of the statements are supported by the text.   Placement of statements within the Venn diagram All statements noting similarities are placed in the center circle and all statements that note differences are placed in the correct outer circle. Most statements are placed in the correct circle, but student mixed up a few statements. Few statements are placed in the correct circle. Number of quality statements Student is able to make three or more comparison statements in each space. Student is able to make two comparison statements in each space. Student makes one comparison statements in each space. PERFECT SCORE: /10

The Decline of Byzantium and Its Influence to the Modern World The Byzantine Empire The Decline of Byzantium and Its Influence to the Modern World