Syllogisms and so much more! Deductive Reasoning Syllogisms and so much more!

Pico, Fermi, Bagel Let’s play a game PFB (Pico, Fermi, Bagels) is a number guessing game. For each guess, you will be told: Fermi -a correct digit placed correctly Pico - a correct digit placed incorrectly Bagels - no digits are correct Pico, Fermi, Bagel

749 Let’s play as a class

Syllogism review 4 valid types: Modus Ponens Modus Tollens Hypothetical Syllogism Disjunctive Syllogism Syllogism review

Fallacies in Syllogisms Fallacy of Equivocation Fallacy of the undistributed middle Fallacy of illicit major/minor Fallacy of exclusive premises Fallacy of drawing an affirmative conclusion from negative premise (or vice versa) Existential fallacy Fallacies in Syllogisms

Mrs. Hooten: So Tommy, what do you do. Tommy Corn: I'm a firefighter Mrs. Hooten: So Tommy, what do you do? Tommy Corn: I'm a firefighter. Mr. Hooten: Congratulations, you're a hero. Tommy Corn: I'm no hero. We'd all be heroes if we stopped using petroleum I (heart) Huckabees

What is the fallacy? Fallacy of Equivocation Tommy Corn and Mrs. Hooten are using the word “Hero” in a different sense What is the fallacy?

Bernard: One, your mind is always occupied on something Bernard: One, your mind is always occupied on something. So it might as well be something useful... Two, there is no such thing as you and me. Albert: So then there's nothing? Bernard: Three, there is no such thing as nothing. There is no remainder in the mathematics of infinity.

What’s the Fallacy? Fallacy of the Illicit Minor The word nothing is used as the predicate in the minor premise and is not distributed What’s the Fallacy?

I heart Huckabees clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJNVwpjU2RY

Dawn Campbell: Why don't you like my spots Dawn Campbell: Why don't you like my spots? Marty: Honey, this look is hurting you, and it's hurting Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: This is myself. Marty: Then you won't speak at the benefit as yourself. That is not Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: I am still Huckabees. Marty: Not in that bonnet. Dawn Campbell: It's in my eyes, Marty. It's like that story of the cave. Marty: What in God's name is happening to you? We trusted you. We took care of you. We made you into a national icon. Pulled you out of a mall. Eh, you've been given everything by Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: Fuck-a-bees!

What fallaci(es) are demonstrated in this scene?

Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning Deductive – General to Specific Inductive – Specific to General Deductive arguments can be valid or invalid Inductive arguments can be weak or strong Examples? Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning

Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor William of Ockham, 14th century Franciscan friar and logician The principle states that "Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily."  Sometimes it is quoted in one of its original Latin forms to give it an air of authenticity: "Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate" "Frustra fit per plura quod potest fieri per pauciora" "Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem" Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor

Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor Occam's razor is often cited in stronger forms than Occam intended, as in the following statements. . . "If you have two theories that both explain the observed facts, then you should use the simplest until more evidence comes along" "The simplest explanation for some phenomenon is more likely to be accurate than more complicated explanations." "If you have two equally likely solutions to a problem, choose the simplest." "The explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct." Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor

Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor In other words – KISS Keep it simple, stupid Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor