Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Cell Smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cell Do not have structures surrounded by membranes (organelles) Few internal structures Ex. One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Ex. All organisms except bacteria. Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Organelles  Carry out the activities that keep the cell alive. Cell Parts Organelles  Carry out the activities that keep the cell alive.

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane “Gatekeeper” Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer of phospholipids (fluid mosaic) Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

Cell Wall Outer barrier that supports and protects cells Found in plant cells and some bacterial cells Made of cellulose (fiber) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material – DNA (chromosomes)

Chromosomes Contain instructions for traits & characteristics Made of DNA Found in nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Produces ribosomes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm Gel-like fluid that makes up the “innerds” of the cell Contains the organelles Surrounded by cell membrane

Ribosomes Structure where proteins are put together Found floating and on the endoplasmic reticulum http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Endoplasmic Reticulum Delivery system of the cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Packages proteins Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria “Power house” of the cell Use oxygen to transform the energy in food to a form the cell can use to carry out its activities http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for temporary storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Structure Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus Cell Wall Chloroplasts Lysosomes Animal Plant Yes Yes No Yes Yes No