Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: (Top) Early prototype of SafePort™ hardware showing electronic component housing, chip carrier, and microfluidic chip. (Bottom) SafePort™ compatible microfluidic chip composed of hot embossed polymer on a printed circuit board base.

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Electropherograms showing separation of drinking water samples spiked with 0.12 ppm PDS and concentrations of perchlorate between 1 and 1000 ppb. Conditions: −350 V/cm, 10 s injection, background electrolyte = 10 mM nicotinic acid, 1.0 mM TDAPS, pH 3.6. Reprinted with permission from Gertsch et al. [9]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Schematic representation of the IdEA for impedance-based detection of contaminants in water. (Left) Representation of the working sensor device showing positions of all gold electrodes, the IdEA pad where the monolayer of cells are seeded onto the extracellular matrix-coated gold electrode array. (Middle) Monolayer of trout gill cells grown on the IdEA pad. (Right) Live (light) versus dead (dark) cell staining of the cells following toxicant exposure.

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Individual mouse embryonic fibroblast cells harboring FRET-based reporter targeted to focal adhesion sites. (Left) The ECFP (donor)/YPet (acceptor) ratio images in response to the oxidizing agent, diamide, over time. (Right) Time course of the normalized ECFP/YPet ratio upon treatment with diamide (0.5 mM).

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Schematic representation of a mitochondrial bioelectrode showing electron and ATP production during substrate (pyruvate or fatty acid) oxidation through the four complexes of the electron transport chain and ATPase

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Synthetic polymer nanoreactor. A polymer-based shell with protein gates for controlled influx and efflux. The encapsulated proteins are responsible for transformation of the targeted substrate, perchlorate. Image created by Dr. Manish Kumar, Pennsylvania State University.

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Examples of high (a) and low EOF (b) NMI sample concentrators are shown. The signs in the reservoirs near the microchannel ends show the polarity of the applied electric field. In both cases, the permselectivity of the nanofluidic element and electric field drive the formation of the depleted and enriched CP zones on opposite sides of the nanofluidic element. In the high EOF system, the microchannel EOF is greater in magnitude than the electrophoretic mobility of the anions, driving the anions to the interface of the bulk solution with the depleted CP zone. At this interface, the reverse electrophoretic velocity of the analyte increases as the local electric field increases, and the analyte is enriched in a forced balanced zone. In the low EOF system, the nanofluidic element is in the flow path and sufficiently reduces the EOF, and electrophoresis drives the analyte toward the nanofluidic element where it is concentrated in the enriched CP zone.

Date of download: 10/30/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2013;4(2):020904-020904-8. doi:10.1115/1.4025539 Figure Legend: Two similar NMI concentrators with integrated NCMs. (a) The anionic fluorescein is transported towards the negative electrode by EOF. The separation between the NCM and the enriched zone is NCM is caused by presence of the CP depleted zone. (b) The EOF is lower and the fluorescein migrates toward the NCM by electrophoresis. The highest intensity is in the vertical microchannel via.