From: Sources of bias in the perception of heading in the presence of moving objects: Object-based and border-based discrepancies Journal of Vision. 2016;16(1):9. doi:10.1167/16.1.9 Figure Legend: The setup for Experiment 3 that tests whether flow discrepancies arising at the borders rather than within the moving object can influence heading perception. Under certain circumstances, one such discrepancy creates radial-like motion contrast between the object and the background at the trailing edge of the moving object (pseudo FoE). (a) In the Object Condition, there is motion contrast between the trailing edge of the object (red arrowheads) and the background (blue arrowheads). In the example depicted, the object occludes the background FoE and the pseudo FoE effect is strong because of the radial-like motion around the trailing edge of the object. (b) In the Blank Object condition, a gap is introduced between the trailing edge of the object and the background (black) to eliminate the motion contrast. The blank Object traveled with the object during the trial. (c) The trajectory of the object was rigidly displaced horizontally in eight different locations relative to the observer's future path (lateral offset). When the lateral offset was zero, the trailing edge made tangential contact with the future path at the end of the trial. Positive and negative lateral offsets correspond to rightward or leftward shifts in the trajectory. Date of download: 10/30/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.