Classification * Grouping things based on their similarities Taxonomy- is the science of classification Biologists use classification to organize living things into group so that they are easier to study

Aristotle was the first scientist to record a classification system for animals. Zoology It was based on whether animals could: fly swim walk, crawl, or run

Carolus Linnaeus In the 1750’s, Linnaeus expanded the classification system He devised a two word naming system- Binomial Nomenclature Genus- first word Species- both words (second word gives a more specific characteristic)

Levels of Classification Organisms are classified into seven levels. 1. Kingdom (most broad) 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. species (most specific)

Some Examples Felis concolor Felis pardalis Felis domesticus Felis- genus with sharp, retractable claws that hunt other animals concolor- means same color (puma) pardalis- means spotted like a panther (ocelot) domesticus- of the house (house cat)

Evolution and Classification Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Evolution is the process by which species gradually change over time.

Chemical Makeup of cells Evolutionary History of a Species Comes from Fossils Body structures Early development Chemical Makeup of cells Today’s scientist rely on chemical makeup in determining an organisms evolutionary history 7

Charles Darwin Evolution and Classification In 1859 Darwin published a theory about how species can change over time Darwin collected much of his data in the Galapagos Islands aboard the HMS Beagle

Darwin’s Finches Warbler Finch Cactus Finch Insect eater Nectar eater Ground Finch Seed eater

Darwin’s Galapagos Islands (10 min)

Natural Selection Darwin explained his Theory of Evolution by using the idea of what he called Natural Selection – as an organism changes over time, if the changes help them to survive the changes will be passed on to their offspring

Darwin and Natural Selection (4min)

Classification Today In addition to the work of Darwin and others, today we also study fossils of organisms and we compare the early development of organisms to obtain information on similar evolutionary history.

Six Kingdoms Linnaeus proposed the first kingdom structure (2 kingdoms- plants and animals) Today organisms are classified into SIX Kingdoms Archaebacteria - Fungi Eubacteria - Plants Protists - Animals

How Do We Place Organisms Into Kingdoms? Type of cells- - Prokaryote- no nucleus Pro – no – nucleus - Eukaryote- has a nucleus U – have – nucleus

Ability to make food Autotroph-make their own food Heterotroph-can not make own food

Number of cells Unicellular- Multicellular- More than one cell Single-celled Multicellular- More than one cell

Autotroph and Heterotroph

Classification of… The Wombat 50 Pounds of marsupial with a bad attitude

The Wombat Wombats are found in Australia and are in the same order as Koalas

Classification of the Wombat Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Animalia Chordata Mammal (marsupial Diprotodontia Vombatidae Vombatus ursinus

Most Advanced Classification Method With the advancement of DNA research, taxonomists today primarily use chemical analysis of the cell to classify organisms. Family: Mustelidae New Family: Mephitidae “noxious gas”

Chemical Classification (4 min)

Autotroph and Heterotroph