Imaging MaPper for AtmospheriC observaTions IMPACT AQABA campaign Enno Peters, Andreas Richter, Anja Schönhardt, Lisa Behrens, Mareike Ostendorf, Folkard Wittrock, John Burrows and Mihalis Vrekoussis.

IMPACT: Motivation I Plume Mapping Monitoring of stacks, volcanoes, ships etc. Quasi instantaneous observations of NOx chemistry along plume Quasi instantaneous emission estimates Lelieveld et al., Science Advances, 2015 Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Motivation II 2D-Variability Mapping of pollution around a station Detection of gradients and transport Under some conditions also emission estimates Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Remarks Telescope only needs to be rotated to have full 2d mapping All viewing directions are measured at the same time No waiting for telescope movements Less problems with transport / cloud movements interfering with the measurements + Poorer slit function Readout of image takes time Field of view (FOV) of instrument is large  Problems with varying illumination vertically Small spectral range [VIS] - Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: “Anatomy” ANDOR Shamrock 303i Understand the Earth System Imaging spectrometer (spatial information is preserved) Telescope is connected via optical fibre bundle to spectrometer Fibre bundle consists of ~50 sorted fibres (same order at both sides) Telescope: Commercial objective (ca. 45° total FOV), focused on fibre bundle (single fibres see different elevation angles) One entire 36 step scan every 15 minutes + one zenith-sky observation Video camera included in telescope for scene documentation

IMPACT: Data analysis Imaging example NO2 DSCD Example Scan (15 min) Understand the Earth System Obstruction by single tree Obstruction by other telescope Obstruction by high trees

IMPACT: Data analysis Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Logistics I Continental outflow of pollutants towards the marine lower troposphere (COPMAR) DFG project. Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Logistics II Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Logistics III Understand the Earth System

IMPACT: Logistics IV Important: To know the roll and pitch vessels’ angle in high resolution (ideal 0.1s, acceptable 1s) [provided by the high precision gyro information of the vessel] Synchronize measurements with ship’s time. To be unaffected by the exaust-plume To have open view (azimuth-zenith) Understand the Earth System Distance of the telescope and the instrument (~10m) limited by the length of the optical fiber HR = 1 person to operate the instrument on board the vessel

Thank you for your attention Mihalis Vrekoussis and the UB-IUP team mvrekous@uni-bremen.de vrekoussis@cyi.ac.cy http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/lamos/