Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements 2.1 Elements and Symbols 2.2 Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

Symbols from Latin Names Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum LecturePLUS Timberlake

% Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake

Groups on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Representative Groups Group 1 Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 Halogens Group 8 Noble Gases LecturePLUS Timberlake

Location of Some Groups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A l m k e a t l a i l s A l k a i n e H a l o g e n s I G n a e s r e t s LecturePLUS Timberlake

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake

Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Metals and Nonmetals Transition metals NONMETALS METALS METALS LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake