Chapter 6 The Elements and the Table Notes in packet and color code your periodic table

Chapter 6 - The Elements Periodic Table has columns (groups/families) Periodic table has rows (periods)

Chapter 6 - The Elements Periodic Table is broken up into 4 blocks based on electron configuration

Chapter 6 - The Elements 92 natural elements (all after U man-made, also Tc and Pm are man-made) Groups 1,2 and 13-18 = representative elements (periodic law applies to them) Chemical and physical properties recur periodically when arranged by increasing atomic number

Similar Properties Elements in a family/group have similar properties Number & location of valence e- determine chemistry, reactivity and ability to bond with other elements

Metals and Nonmetals Only Metalloids do not belong to either type

Metals vs. Nonmetals Metals tend to LOSE e- metal reactivity increases ↓ a group, and ← a period Nonmetals tend to GAIN e- nonmetal reactivity increases ↑ a group and → a period

Metals, Nonmetals and metalloids Shiny when smooth and clean Solid at room temp. Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable Ductile Nonmetals Generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids Poor conductors of heat and electricity Metalloids – Have physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals!

Alkali Metals: Group 1 Properties: Soft Explodes in water Combines with halogens to make salts Lithium used in car batteries and to treat psychosis. Reactivity of Alkali Metals in water Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2 Properties: Slightly Soft High melting point (“earth”) Never found pure in nature

Inner Transition Elements: F-Block Includes: Rare-Earth Transuranic Lanthanides=very hard to get (used in tech) Actinides = radioactive

Transition Metals: D-Block Properties: Very diverse category Good conductors Tend to bond to oxygen

Metalloids: Flank the Dividing Line Properties: Brittleness Semi-Conductors Used in electronic devices, alloys, magnets

Halogens: Group 17 Properties: Highly caustic Form strong acids Latin for: salt maker Properties: Highly caustic Form strong acids React w/ metals to form salts Halogens video

Noble Gases: Group 18 Properties: Inert (except Xe) Used for coolant in MRI machines Noble Gases

Synthetics: Elements past 92 Synthetic means man-made Made in Laboratories, Nuclear Bombs Used in medicine, nuclear power, nuclear bombs

Liquids, Solids, Gasses Most elements are solid. Gases Liquids Synthetics