1-3: The Elements

Elements elements are pure substances organized by properties on periodic table each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin) Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum

Periodic Table Groups also called families vertical columns numbered 1-18 have similar chemical properties Periods horizontal rows properties changes consistently across a period

Periodic Table two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide series these rows fit after #57 and #89 they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smaller

Types of Elements Metals an element that is a good conductor of electricity at room temperature, most are solids malleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheets ductile- can be made into wire high tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white luster

Types of Elements Nonmetals an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity many are gases at room temperature some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable

Types of Elements Metalloids an element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals appear along staircase line B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po all are solids at room temperature less malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetals are semiconductors

metalloids

Types of Elements Noble Gases generally unreactive gases in far right column of periodic table

Types of Elements Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halides Found in 1st Column – Most reactive Metal elements Alkaline Earth Metals Found in 2nd Column – Semi-Reactive Metal Elements Halides Found in 17th column – Most reactive non-Metal elements