Workshop on the social protection assessment matrix National dialogue for the elaboration of a social protection strategy in Myanmar Workshop on the social protection assessment matrix March 24th-26th, 2014 Nay Pyi Taw

2014 ckESpf? rwfv (24-26) &uf aejynfawmf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vlrIa&;qdkif&mtum tuG,fay;a&;enf;AsL[mwpf&yftm; tao;pdwf&Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;twGuf EdkifiHtqifhtjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrI vlrIa&;qkdkif&mtumtuG,fay;a&;tuJjzwfqef;ppf rIuGef,ufqdkif&m tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJ 2014 ckESpf? rwfv (24-26) &uf aejynfawmf

Session 5: Introduction to the assessment based national dialogue exercise

tydkif; (5) - tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tay:tajccHonhf EdkifiHtqihf tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrI avhusifhcef;ed'gef;

Key questions What are the objectives of the ABND exercise? What are the main steps of the ABND process? How do we ensure that all stakeholders are involved from the outset? Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix Step 2 – Costing policy options using the RAP model Step 3 – Finalization and endorsement What are the strengths and limitations of ABND?

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Objectives of ABND How do we achieve the SPF and make it a reality for the whole population of a country? ABND identifies the existing situation and gaps in the social protection system It develops recommendations for achieving the SPF

tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftay:tajccHonfhEdkifiHtqihf tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrI\&nfrSef;csufrsm; vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rItcif;tusif;rnfuJhodkYatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufjyD;? ¤if;udkEdkifiHawmftwGif;&Sdvltm;vHk;twGuf rnfuJhodkUvufawGUuspGmvkkyfaqmifrnfenf;/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftay:tajccH onhfEdkifiHtqihftjyeftvSefaqG;aEG; ajymqdkrIonf vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumt uG,fay;rIpepfwGif&Sdaeonhfvuf&Sdt ajctaeESihfuGm[csufrsm;udkcGJjcm;owf rSwfazmfxkwfay;onf/ ¤if;onfvlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,f ay;rItcif;tusif;atmifjrifapa&;t wGuftMuHjyKaxmufcHcsufrsm;udkwdk; wufaumif;rGefaponf/

Steps of ABND 1. What is the social security situation? 2. How far are we from the achievement of the SPF? -> gaps, issues 3. What should be done to complete the SPF? 4. How much would it cost today and in the future? 5. Can the Government afford it? Do we need to increase the fiscal space? 6. How to ensure that the recommendations are endorsed and listened to? 7. How to advocate for the SPF as a whole or specific recommendations?

1/ vlrIzlvHka&;tajctae um;tb,fenf;/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftay:tajccHonhfEdkifiHtqihftjyef tvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkifrItqihfrsm; 1/ vlrIzlvHka&;tajctae um;tb,fenf;/ 2/ uREfkyfwdkYonfvlrIa&;qdkif&mtumt tuG,fay;rItcif;tusif;atmifjrifa&;ESihf rnfrQa0;uGmaeygoenf;/ uGm[rIrsm;? udpö&yfrsm; 3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,f ay;rItcif;tusif;jyD;ajrmufap &efb,ft&mudkvkyfaqmif&ygrnf enf;/ 4/ ¤if;udkvkyfaqmif&ef,aeYtcsdefESihf tem*wfwGifrnfrQukefusrI&Sdygrnf enf;/ 5/ tpdk;&taejzihfvkyfaqmifEdkifygovm;/ b@ma&; twkdif;twmwdk;wufjrihfrm;vmap&efvdktyfygovm;/ 6/ tMuHjyKaxmufcHcsufrsm;tm;axmufcHjyD;?t av;xm;aMumif;rnfodkYaocsEdkifrnfenf;/ 7/ vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rItcif;t usif;twGuftMuHjyKaxmufcHcsuftm;vHk;(odkY) owfowfrSwfrSwfxm;&SdonhftMuHjyKaxmufcH csuftaejzihfrnfodkYaxmufcHtm;ay;rnfenf;/

Steps of ABND ABND FACTSHEET Step 1- Building the assessment matrix including the identification of priority recommendation ABND FACTSHEET Step 2 - Rapid Assessment Protocol to estimate the cost of implementing the social protection provisions Step 3 - Finalisation of the assessment report for endorsement and further action by the highere levels of government

tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftay:tajccHonfhEdkifiHtqihftjyef tvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrItqihfrsm; tqihf(1) - OD;pm;ay;xm;onhftMuHjyKaxmufcHcsufrsm;tm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif;tygt0iftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf uGef,ufudkwnfaqmufjcif; ABND FACTSHEET tqihf(2) - vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rIowfrSwfjy Xmef;csufrsm; tm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrItwGuf ukefusp&dwfudkcefYrSef;Edkifa&;twGufjrefqefonhftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&mvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihfusihf0wfudktoHk;jyK jcif; tqihf(3)- axmufcHrItwGuftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftpD&ifcHpmtm; tjyD;owfjcif;ESihf tpdk;&tqihfjrifhydkif;rSa&SUqufaqmif&Gufjcif;

Steps of ABND Step 3 Step 1 The process in Myanmar Step 2 9. Endorsement by the government and inclusion of some recommendations in the national strategy (Nov 2014-Feb 2015)   1. Inventory of schemes (November 2013) 2. Draft Assessment Matrix Dialogue # 1 on ABND matrix (March 2014) The process in Myanmar 8. Finalization of Costing, Fiscal space, Writing ABND report (Sept. – Nov 2014) 4. Translation of policy recommendations into practical scenarios   7. Dialogue # 3 on costing (August - September 2014)   5. Dialogue # 2 on proposed scenarios (May-June 2014)   6. Data collection for the RAP protocol and costing of the scenarios (June- August 2014)   Step 2

tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftay:tajccHonhfEdkifiHtqihftjyef tvSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrItqihfrsm; tqihf (3) tqihf (1) 9/ tpkd;&\axmufcHrIESihf EdkifiHtqihfenf; AsL[mwGif tcsdKUaomtMuHjyKaxmufc Hcsuf rsm;yg0ifjcif;? (2014 ckESpf? Edkif0ifbmvrS 2015 ckESpfazazmf0g&Dvtxd)   1/ tpDtpOfrsm;\tao;pd wfpm &if; (2013 ckESpf? Edkif0ifbmv) 2/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufuGe ftMurf; 3/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcs uftay: tjccHonfhEdkifiH tqihftjyeftvSefa qG;aEG;ajymqdkrI uGef,uf qdkif&mtjyeftvSe faqG;aEG;ajym qdkrI (1) The process in Myanmar 8/ cefYrSef;ukefusrIESi hfb@m a&;taexm;tjyD;owfjci f;?tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsuftay:tajcc HonhfEdkifiHtqihftjy eftvSefaqG;aEG;ajymq dkrI qdkif&mtpD&ifcHpm(20 14ckESpf?Edk0ifbm) 4/ rl0g'qdkif&mtMuHjy KaxmufcHcsuf rsm;udkvufawGUjzpf Edkifonhftaet xm;odkYajymif;vJjc if;  7/ cefYrSef;ukefusrIESihfp yfvsOf;onhftjyeft vSefaqG;aEG;ajymqdkrI (3)? 2014 ckESpf?puf wifbmv)   5/ tqdkjyKxm;onhfjzpfEdki fajc&Sdaomtae txm;rsm;qdkif&mtjyeftv SefaqG;aEG;ajym qdkrI (2)? (2014 ckESpf? arv-ZGefv)   6/ jzpfEdkifajz&Sdonhftaetx m;rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf; onhfjrefqefonhftuJjzwfqe f;ppfcsufqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihfusi fh0wfESihfcefYrSef;ukefu srI twGuftcsuftvufaumuf,ljci f;   tqihf (2)

Involving stakeholders ABND is a participatory approach which should involve all relevant stakeholders It entails bilateral consultations, tripartite workshops, and technical seminars Working with stakeholders with political power and expertise can avoid potential blockage THAILAND INDONESIA ABND conducted by Royal Thai Government / UN team on social protection, co-chaired by Ministry of Social Development and Human Security and ILO ABND conducted by United Nations Partnership for Development Framework (UNPDF) sub-working group on SPF, led by ILO and coordinated by Bappenas

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Involving stakeholders ABND Line ministries (Labour, Health, Social Welfare, Planning, Interior, Education, Finance, Rural Development, Women’s Affairs, etc.), social security institutions Local governments Workers’ and employers’ organizations National Statistics Office, academicians UN agencies involved in SPF (ILO, UNICEF, WHO, UNESCAP, UNFPA, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNWOMEN, UNDP, WFP), World Bank, ADB, other development partners Civil society

oufqdkifolrsm;yg0ifrI ABND qufET,faeonhf0efMuD;Xmersm;(tvkyform;?usef;rma&;?vlrI 0efxrf;?pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;?jynfxJa&;?ynma&;?b@ma&;? aus;vufa'ozGHUjzdK;a&;?trsdK;orD;a&;&m0efMuD;Xmersm;? ponfwdkY)? vlrIzlvHka&;toif;tzGJUrsm; a'oEÅtpdk;&rsm; tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; rsm;ESihftvkyf&SiftzGJUt pnf;rsm; trsdK;om;pm&if;tif;&Hk;? awmf0ifynm&Sifrsm; vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rItcif;t usif;wGifyg0ifonhfukvor*¾at*sifpDrsm; (ILO,UNICEF,WHO,UNESCAP,UNFPA,UNAIDS,UNESCO,UNWOMEN, UNDP,WFP)?urÇmhbPf?ADB ESihftjcm; aomzGHUjzdK;a&;rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm; t&yfbufvltzGJUtpnf;

Step 1: Building the assessment matrix Objectives Existing provisions Planed provisions Policy gaps Implement-ation issues Recomm-endations Health Children Working age Elderly Identifying existing situation in the country Identifying policy gaps and implementation issues, addressing which would complete the SPF Priority policy options, decided through national dialogue Four SPF guarantees

tqihf (1) - tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufuGef,uftm; wnfaqmufjcif; &nfrSef;csufrsm; wnfqJowf rSwfjyXmef;csuf rsm; MudKwifpDpOfxm; onhfowfrSwf jyXmef;csufrsm; rl0g'qdkif&m uGm[csuf rsm; taumiftxnf azmfaqmif&GufrI qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm; tMuHjyKaxmufcHcsufrsm; usef;rma&; uav;ol i,frsm; tvkyfvkyf udkifonhft &G,f oufMuD;&G,f tdkrsm; EdkifiHtwGif;&Sdvuf&Sdt ajctaersm;udkcGJjcm; owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif; rl0g'qdkif&muGm[csufrsm; ESihftaumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufrIqdkif&mudpö&yf rsm;tm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfazmf xkwfjcif;? vlrIa&;qdkif&m tumtuG,fay;rItcif; tusif;tm;jyD;ajrmufap rnfht&mudkxkwfazmfjcif; EdkifiHtqihf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;ajym qdkrItm;jzihf rl0g'qdkif&m OD;pm;ay;a&G; cs,frIrsm;ESihf ywfoufjyD; qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif; vlrIa&;qdkif&mtum tuG,fay;rItcif;t usif;qdkif&mtmrcH csuf(4)&yf

Step 1: Building the assessment matrix Policy gaps: Missing legislation or policy leading to a part of the population being excluded from the complete SPF For e.g., in Thailand Only formal sector workers and very poor people are entitled to social health protection Only formal sector workers are entitled to a child allowance for pre-school children There is no unemployment protection scheme for workers in case of loss of employment

tqihf (1) - tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufuGef,uftm; wnfaqmufjcif; rl0g'qdkif&muGm[rIrsm; - vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rItcif;tusif;qdkif&mjyD;ajrmufjcif;rS EdkifiHom; wpfcsdKUwpf0ufxkwfy,fcHae&jcif;qDokdYOD;wnfonhf vTJacsmfaeaomOya' (okdY) rl0g' Oyrm - xdkif;EdkifiHwGif - yHkrSefvkyfief;u@rsm;wGifvkyfudkifonhftvkyform;rsm;ESihftvGefqif;&JEGrf;yg;aomolrsm; vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rIudkcHpm;cGifh&SdMuygonf/ yHkrSefvkyfief;u@wGifvkyfudkifonhftvkyform;rsm;omrlMudKuav;i,frsm;twGuf uav; axmufyHhaMu;cHpm;cGifh&SdMuygonf/ tvkyftudkifqHk;&HI;onhfudpö&yfwGiftvkyform;rsm;twGuf tvkyfvufrJhtumtuG,fay; a&;tpDtpOfr&Sday/

Step 1: Building the assessment matrix Implementation issues: Despite existing policies or legislation, people do not have effective access to entitlements For e.g., in Thailand Despite universal access to social health protection, people from rural areas have limited protection due to poor health care infrastructure Enforcement of the Social Security Act is low, due to employers not registering their staff and a lack of resources to reach out to informal sector workers

tqihf (1) - tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufuGef,uftm; wnfaqmufjcif; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrIqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm; - wnfqJrl0g'rsm; (okdY) Oya'&Sdaomfvnf;? vlrsm; taejzihfcHpm;ydkifcGifhtwGuf xda&mufonhftcGifhtvrf;rsm;r&SdMuay/ Oyrm - xdkif;EdkifiHwGif - EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;taejzihf vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,fay;rItcGihftvrf;&SdMuaomfvnf; aus;vufa'o&Sdvlrsm;onf nHhzsif;onhfusef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrItajccHtaqmufttHk rsm;aMumihf tumtuG,fay;rIudk tuefYtowfjzihfom&&SdMuygonf/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\0efxrf;rsm;tm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;r&SdouJhodkY yHkrSefr[kwfonhfvkyf ief;u@rsm;&Sdtvkyform;rsm;xHodkY a&muf&SdEdkifrnfht&if;tjrpfrsm;uif;rJhjcif;aMumifh vlrI zlvHka&;tufOay;tmPmouf0ifwnfjrJrItaetxm;onf edrfhusvsuf&Sdaeygonf/

From Step 1 to Step 2 We need to coduct further studies We can use the RAP Protocol Recommendations to introduce non-contributory benefits, increase non-contributory benefit amounts, extend coverage Recommendations to introduce social insurance, work on coordination between schemes and operations, qualitative recommendations to improve quality of services We need to coduct further studies There are two types of recommendations

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Step 2: Rapid Assessment Protocol RAP is a simplified Excel tool developed by ILO to estimate the cost of providing SPF benefits (for health, children, working age and the elderly) over a 5-10 year period

tqihf (2) - jrefqefonhftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihfusihf0wf jrefqefonhftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&mvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihf usifh0wfonf 5 ESpfrS 10 ESpfausmfumvtwGif;vlrIa&;qdkif&m tumtuG,fay;rItcif;tusif; ESihfpyfvsOf;onhftusdK;cHpm; cGifhrsm;(usef;rma&;?uav;oli,f? tvkyfvkyfudkifonhft&G,f ESihfoufMuD;&G,ftdkrsm;) udkjznfhqnf;ay;&eftwGufukefusrI tm;cefYrSef;&eftwGuf tdkift,f(vf)tdkuvkyfaqmifxm;onhf &dk;&Sif;vSaom Excel ud&d,mwpfckyifjzpfygonf/

Step 2: Rapid Assessment Protocol Labour market (EAP) Demographic data (POP) 1. Data collection General government operations (GGO) Macroeconomic data (ECO) Costing of benefits 2. Estimated cost of benefits in absolute terms, as % of GDP, and as % of government expenditure 3. Projected cost of combined benefit packages Summary and results

tqihf (2) - jrefqefonhftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESihfusihf0wf tvkyftudkifaps;uGuf (EAP) vlOD;a&pm&if;aumuf,lrIt csuftvuf(POP) 1/ tcsuftvufpkaqmif; jcif; tpdk;&\a,bk,svkyfief; vnfywfrI(GGO) tMuD;pm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyf ief;tcsuftvuf(ECO) tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;t wGufcefYrSef;ukefusrI 2/ *sD'DyD % ESihftpdk;&\ cefYrSef;ukefusrIwdkYuJhodkYaom wdusonhfa0g[m&rsm;jzihf azmfjyonhftusdK;cHpm;cGifh rsm;twGufcefYrSef;ukefusrI 3/ aygif;pnf;xm;onhftusdK;cHpm; cGifhrsm;twGufpDrHudef;cefYrSef;ukefusrI tusOf;csKyfESihf&v'frsm;

Step 2: Rapid Assessment Protocol Recommendations are translated into scenarios, i.e. specific social protection policy options Cost of implementing the scenarios is calculated using RAP worksheets Estimated cost can be linked to fiscal space (GDP and government budget) to check their feasibility

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Step 2: Rapid Assessment Protocol At the end of Step 2, we have the cost of implementing SPF benefits expressed as % of GDP (e.g. Thailand)

tqihf (2) - jrefqefonhftuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&mvkyf xHk;vkyfenf;ESihfusifh0wf tqihf (2) jyD;qHk;csdefwGif *sD'DyD % tjzpfazmfjyxm;onhf vlrIa&;qdkif&mtumtuG,f ay;rItcif;tusif;tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;\cefYrSef;ukefusrIudk&&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ (Oyrm - xdkif;EdkifiH)

Step 2: Rapid Assessment Protocol Projected government budget New government budget Cost of implementing scenarios over 5-10 years + = Two possible cases: Case 1: The new government budget is balanced and fiscal space is available in the country. Case 2: The new government budget is in deficit. New fiscal space needs to be created through changes in budget allocations, increase in government revenues through additional taxes, etc. In both cases, especially case 2, the government needs to be convinced that investing in social protection is part of realizing a right and is good for the country and for social and economic growth.

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Step 3: Finalization and endorsement Presenting to higher levels of Government with a ‘champion’ Finalising the ABND report with stakeholders Government may endorse or ‘test’ some recommendations Government may need to conduct further studies for some recommendations: actuarial legal human capacity

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Step 3: Finalization and endorsement Advocating to policy-makers can be done with: Evidence from other countries Communication and awareness generation among people, government, civil society, social partners Economic models to demonstrate the expected impact of policy options on reduction in poverty and inequality, increase in growth, productivity and employability Financial models to assess the return on social investment

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ABND in Myanmar You have 20 minutes  Why does Myanmar need a social protection strategy? How will the results of the ABND be useful to advocate in favor of the strategy? What would be your advocacy strategy? Within your group, make 5 suggestions for the advocacy towards the strategy using ABND results. You have 20 minutes 

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Strengths of ABND It provides a coordinated, holistic and coherent approach to the development of social protection in a country It initiates national dialogue on social security strategy, priority policy options, problems in providing social protection to all and ways to address the issues It provides evidence on the feasibility of different policy options It can serve as a baseline for monitoring of SPF implementation (within the national framework)

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Limitations of ABND The analysis conducted under Step 1 is simplistic and does not go into details on operations and institutional capacities The social dialogue usually takes place at the technical level and higher-level policy makers or “champions” may need to be involved The RAP is based on some assumptions leading to rough estimates of future costs; additional actuarial studies are needed for the finalisation of the design of proposed schemes

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ABND in Asia Completed Started Mongolia Myanmar Lao PDR Vietnam Philippines Thailand Solomon Indonesia Vanuatu

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Costing of scenarios using RAP ABND in Indonesia Process and timeframe Jun 2011 - Aug 2011 Sep 2011 -Mar 2012 May-Jul 2012 Nov-Dec 2012 1 2 3 4 5 Assessment matrix Costing of scenarios using RAP Finalization of ABND report, endorsement of recommend -ations and RAP Launch of ABND report Hands-on training on RAP International Labour Conference and Recommendation on SPFs, 2012 (No. 202)

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Policy and implementation gaps in Indonesia Social protection programmes and schemes are scattered Benefit levels are low Social security coverage for formal sector workers is limited There is almost no social protection for informal economy workers Enforcement of the law is poor

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Results of RAP in Indonesia Cost of implementing SPF benefits during expressed as % of GDP

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Stakeholders Government: Bappenas (ministry of planning and development) as the lead agency, Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, Statistics Bureau Social security providers: Jamsostek, Askes Regional government: Led by Bappeda (regional planning office) Employers: APINDO Workers: KSBSI, KSPSI, KSPI Academicians: PGSD, University of Indonesia Development partners: UN Sub-Working Group on Social Protection, UNWomen, UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, NGOs

oufqdkifolrsm; tpdk;& - OD;aqmifonhfat*sifpDtjzpf bufyD;eyf(p) (pDrHudef;ESihfzGHUjzdK;wkd;wufa&;0efMuD;Xme?vlYpGrf;tm;ESihf a&TUajymif;vkyfom;a&;&m0efMuD;Xme? vlrIa&;0efMuD;Xme? usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme? pm&if;tif;AsL&dk vlrIzlvHka&;qdkif&myHhydk;ay;olrsm; : Jamsostek, Askes a'oqdkif&mtpdk;& - bufyD'g\OD;aqmifrIjzifh (a'oqdkif&mpDrHudef;&Hk;) tvkyf&Sifrsm; : APINDO tvkyform;rsm; : KSBSI, KSPSI, KSPI ynm&Sifrsm; : PGSD, University of Indonesia zGHUjzdK;wkd;wufa&;rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm; : UN Sub-Working Group on Social Protection, UNWomen, UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, NGOs

ABND at different levels National level Awareness building on SPF (Indonesian Job Pact, DWCP) Advocacy and bilateral meeting (Vice President’s office, TNP2K, Bappenas) Consultative meetings (finalizing the assessment matrix) Validation and knowledge sharing workshops Technical/endorsement meeting Provincial level (Maluku, NTT and East Java provinces) Awareness raising on SPF Validation workshops Follow-up meeting for implementation of Single Window Service

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Lessons from ABND in Indonesia ABND should be aligned with national priorities: for the development of a comprehensive social security system. All relevant stakeholders should be involved from the start: for ownership of the report, to help in endorsement and sustainability. Involving the UN sub-working group and stakeholders: in consultative meetings helps obtain inputs on cross-cutting issues and generate ideas, including for further technical cooperation. Identifying one lead agency: or Ministry to lead the process and “buy-in” the result is key to endorsement of the ABND recommendations in the national strategy. Involving the media: through press releases on workshops and meetings, briefings, expert interviews, and radio and TV coverage helps influence public debate and policy development.

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Limitations of ABND in Indonesia Participatory vs. extension of the ABND report lunch to accommodate more feedback? Reservation of the point of view that the SPF encourages informality instead of the other way around How to make the ABND exercise coherent with Indonesia's current xocial security development program?

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