STAKEHOLDERS’ CENTRIC RESEARCH IN WATER SECTOR BY R D SINGH DIRECTOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY ROORKEE-247667

STAKE HOLDERS POLICY MAKERS (CENTRAL & STATE GOVERNMENTS) SERVICE PROVIDERS (WATER RESOURCES, PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS, JAL SANSTHAAN ETC.) PRIVATE SECTORS (INDUSTRIES) INTERNATIONAL WATER SHARING NGOs END USERS (FARMERS, WATER USE ASSOCIATION ETC.)

R & D NEEDS… INSTRUMENTATION TO COLLECT WATER RELATED DATA FROM FIELD DEVELOPMENT & STRENGTHENING OF LABORATERIES DATA PROCESSING TOOLS INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR WATER RELATED DATA MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS AND OTHER TOOLS ANALYSIS OF DATA FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & APPLICATIONS OF TOOLS & TECHNOLOGIES REAL TIME DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR PLANNING CLIMATE CHANGE & ADAPTATION STRATEGIES

REAL TIME DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM Real time systems allow decision makers to respond to short term variations in water resources where lead times for decisions vary from a few hours to a few days at most. Typical examples include:  Flood forecasting and the dissemination of flood warnings Allocation of water to multiple users on a day to day basis The day to day operation of hydro-power schemes Reservoir management  Real time systems require the following components:  Monitoring stations with real-time capability (out-stations) A real-time data acquisition system (telemetry) Data management (database and quality control) Forecasting models A user interface

R&D NEEDS… Flood & Drought Management Water Resources Systems Analysis Surface & Ground Water Availability Hydrological Modelling Water Quality Assessment & Modelling Ground Water Modelling & Management Regional Hydrology Integrated Water Resources Management

R&D NEEDS… Snow and Glacier Investigations Spring Flows Sea Water Intrusion Studies of Lakes & Ponds Water Conservation Isotope Applications Urban Flooding Watershed Management Forest hydrology 25/55

R&D NEEDS… APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES IN HYDROLOGY 26/55 Identification of Recharge Sources and Zones of Deeper Aquifers and Springs Effectiveness of Artificial Recharge to Ground Water Salinization of Groundwater in Inland / Coastal Aquifers and Seawater Ingress Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction Recharge to GW Due to Irrigation & Rainfall GW Flow Velocity and Direction ( GW Dating) Leakage and Seepage from Reservoirs & Canals Rate of Sedimentation in Lakes & Reservoirs Separation of Snow & Glacier melt Runoff, Groundwater & Rainfall runoff components Interconnections of Water Bodies National Programme on Isotope Finger Printing 18O of Clouds & Precipitation -18‰ -12‰ -23‰ -20‰ -7‰ -2‰ -29‰ 0‰ 18O of Ocean 26/55

R & D NEEDS… EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS MAINTAINING PERRENIAL NATURE OF RIVER

R & D NEEDS WATER GOVERNANCE NATIONAL WATER POLCY STATE WATER POLICIES BIS & ISO INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CITIZEN SCIENCE CONCEPT PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH

Citizen Science Concept…

Citizen Science Concept Citizen science refers to the participation of the general public (i.e., non-scientists) in generation of new scientific knowledge community-based data collection development of technology testing of natural phenomena dissemination of the results of activities early detection (by citizens) of issues of environmental concern, which can then be investigated by scientific experts

Some Citizen Science Experiments in India People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR)- 1990s Study of mammalian diversity in Malappuram region with school students (Kerala) – 2010 Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) Science Popularization Association of Communicators and Educators (SPACE) 12,000 Science Clubs (VIPNET Clubs) in schools- Vigyan Prasar Hands-on learning for students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNV) GPS-based monitoring of damage assessment during June 2013 flash-flood tragedy in Uttarakhand Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) concept in APWELL project (AP) Schools and students preparing water quality maps under Community Led Environment Action Network (CLEAN-India) of Development Alternatives

internet-based citizen science projects further water science and the public understanding of hydrology Tools for environmental data acquisition

Participatory Action Research (PAR) What is PAR: AR with involvement of stakeholders & users Intervention & Implementation Field data collection Water conservation Soil erosion Soil moisture augmentation Stream health assessment Impact assessment of hydrologic extremes (floods, flash floods, droughts) Technology interventions (W/WW treatment, RWH) Watershed structures Development/restoration of water bodies & drainage channels Planning and Management Crop water use planning Irrigation water use Landuse planning Scenario planning Water accounting and demand management Water for livelihood uses

Participatory Action Research (PAR) Elements of PAR Knowledge of local problems & context Use of TK and local resources Communication with stakeholders & users In-situ conflict resolution and mitigation Benefits of PAR Empowerment and capacity building of stakeholders & users Feeling of ownership Sustainability of efforts

Concluding Remarks Data Base Management Citizen participation in science is across-cutting concept that has emerged from and across many disciplines Scientific data collection through citizen science activities has a significant potential to create new environmental knowledge Development of Tools & Technologies R & D for developing analysis techniques to address the water related problems DSS for Integrated water resources planning, development and management DSS for real time operation

Concluding Remarks Water Governance- Policies, Laws, Pricing, sharing etc Interdisciplinary research fosters collective reflection Capacity Building at different levels for state of art knowledge & technology