Classical Greece 2000 B.C. – 300 B.C Chapter Five

Greece Objective Analyze the history, culture, and impact classical Greece had on the modern world

Setting the Stage…. 477 B.C. to 431 B.C. = Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning drama / sculpture / poetry / philosophy / architecture / science reached new heights

Pericles wise and able statesman who led Athens during much of its golden age honest / fair / skillful politician / inspiring speaker / respected general held popular support for thirty-two years Athens’ greatest leader who will fight for democratic reforms

Goals of Pericles strengthen Athenian Democracy increase number of public officials who were paid salaries – anyone can serve direct democracy – citizens rule directly; not through representatives hold and Strengthen Empire took over Delian League, dominated other city-states make Athenian navy stronger - safer glorify Athens beautify Athens – gold, ivory, marble Other city-states grew angry with Athens, some even forming their own (Sparta)

“Glory of Athens” Attributed to: Athens had many sculptures, temples, and theatres were built Athens accumulated vast amounts of gold, ivory, and marble for their city Athens increased the size of their democracy

Art and Architecture Parthenon Sculptures example of the excellence of Greek architecture 23,000 square feet same style that had been used to create Greek temples built to honor Athena contained examples of Greek art Sculptures figures were graceful / strong / perfect faces showed serenity ideal beauty

Greek Drama invented drama as an art form and built the first theaters in the west showed expression of civic pride and a tribute to the gods Tragedy serious drama about common themes such as love / hate / war tragic hero: extraordinary abilities but downfall was an excessive flaw Sophocles (SAHF*uh*luhs) was one of the most famous playwrights; known for writing Antigone

Greek Drama Comedy Greek Theatre and Drama slapstick situations and crude humor made fun of politics and respected people and ideas showed freedom and openness of public discussion Greek Theatre and Drama had plays that wee performed in massive outside amphitheaters actors could play various roles because they wore masks dramas were performed in honor of the gods and were a sense of civic pride

Greek History Homer Herodotus Thucydides (thoo*SID*ih*DEEZ) recounted Greek history not accurate recordings Herodotus father of history accurate recordings of what took place book on Persian Wars is considered first work of history Thucydides (thoo*SID*ih*DEEZ) greatest historian of the classical age certain types of events and political situations recur over time studying these would aid in understanding the present

Greek Philosophers ** Philosophers ** Socrates “lovers of wisdom” ** determined to seek the truth, understand the laws of the universe through logic and reason ** Socrates encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character brought to trial for corrupting the youth ** and for neglecting the city’s gods defended his beliefs – forced people to think about their values and actions death penalty – drank hemlock (poison)

Greek Philosophers Plato Aristotle student of Socrates wrote down Socrates’ beliefs wrote The Republic set forth vision of a perfectly governed society not a democracy but ruled by philosopher-king Aristotle student of Plato questioned nature of world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge argue according to rules of logic = basis of the scientific method created school that lasted over 1400 years tutored Alexander the Great Philosopher Music Video (3:46)

School of Athens (by Raphael)

Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.) city-states tired of Athens’ wealth / power people push for war Sparta declares war in 431 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta Athens = stronger navy Sparta = stronger army/ location can’t be attacked by sea

Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.) second year of war = Athens hit by plague wiped out 1/3 of population, including Pericles 421 B.C. = Truce didn’t last Athens attacked by Sparta’s allies 404 B.C. Athenians surrendered lost empire, power, and wealth

Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.) At the end of the Peloponnesian War: Sparta defeated Athens ending their reign as the most powerful Greek city-state Greece was left in a weakened state leaving them open to invasion the Macedonians will invade the Greeks uniting all of the Greeks under their rule

Essential Question Do you agree with Socrates that there are absolute standards for truth and justice? Why or why not? Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

Greece Objective Analyze the history, culture, and impact classical Greece had on the modern world