Chapter Fourteen: Exploring the Origins of Sexuality

Biological Bases of Human Sexuality Genetic basis XX = female XY = male Gonadal basis Structural development Male genital development Female genital development Biological sexuality and the childhood years Puberty Females: Menarche Males

Growth and Development of Sexuality Figure 14-1 Growth and Development of Sexuality

Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality Psychosocial sexuality: Masculine and feminine aspects of sexuality Gender: Biological basis of sexuality Gender identity: Recognition of one’s gender Gender preference: Emotional and intellectual acceptance of one’s own gender

Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality Gender adoption: The long process of learning the behavior that is traditional for one’s gender Gender identification: Achievement of a personally satisfying interpretation of one’s masculinity or femininity Image source: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Jill Braaten, photographer

Androgyny Blending of both masculine and feminine qualities Image sources: Thinkstock Images/JupiterImages Brand X Pictures/JupiterImages

Male Reproductive System Testes Sperm development Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Scrotum Ducts Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Cowper’s glands Penis

Male Reproductive System Figure 14-2 The male reproductive system

Male Reproductive System Age-related hormone changes Male menopause (andropause) Decrease in level of androgens Prostate size increases

Female Reproductive System Mons pubis Labia majora and labia minora Clitoris Vestibule Vagina Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries

Female Reproductive System Figure 14-3 The female reproductive system

Menstrual Cycle Menstrual phase Preovulation phase ¼ - ½ cup of blood and tissue is sloughed off during a 5-7 day period Preovulation phase Lasts about a week Release of FSH and LH leading to ovulation around day 14 Post-ovulation phase Build-up of endometrial tissue Role of progesterone

Menstrual Cycle Figure 14-4 The Menstrual Cycle

Related Conditions Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Physical and psychological symptoms that recur during the same phase of the menstrual cycle Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Severe form of PMS Fibrocystic breast condition Excessive secretory activity producing swollen, firm, or hardened tender breast tissue Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation Menopause Gradual decline in reproductive system function, usually by late 40s to mid 50s

Additional Aspects of Human Sexuality Reproductive sexuality Related to procreation Genital sexuality Nonreproductive use of sex organs (recreation and communication) Expressionistic sexuality Cognitive, affective, and behavioral expressions of one’s gender

Chapter Fourteen: Exploring the Origins of Sexuality