The Integumentary System By: Whitney Brack

The Integumentary System Skin Hair Nails Sweat (apocrine and eccrine) and Sebaceous Glands

The Integumentary System Sebaceous (oil) Glands - secrete sebum, which is emptied into the hair follicles. Sebum prevents the skin and hair from becoming dry. Sebum is somewhat bacteriostatic and consists mainly of lipids Apocrine Glands – are located in the axillae, breast areolae, umbilical, and anogenital areas, external auditory canals, and eyelids Eccrine Glands – these glands are distributed over the body, except the lips; cool the body

Functions Protects the body: Regulates the body’s temperature. From injury From the intrusion of harmful microorganisms From ultraviolet rays of the sun Regulates the body’s temperature. Excretes some of the body’s waste materials (perspiration). Includes the body’s sensors for pain and sensation (important sensory organ). Storage – storage of fat, water, etc. Absorption – transdermal medications, UV light for Vitamin D

The Skin

The Skin Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.

The Skin Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin. Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

The Skin Melanin – A brownish black pigment is produced in the epidermis by specialized cells called melanocytes Albino – Absence of color pigments Erythema – a reddish color of the skin that can be caused by either burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels Jaundice – a yellow discoloration of the skin Cyanosis - ?

Syringes & Needles Types of Syringes TB Syringe (1 ml) Insulin Syringe (measures in units) 3 ml Syringe 5 ml Syringe 10 ml Syringe 20ml Syringe 50 ml Syringe 60 ml Syringe Luer Lock Syringe Slip Tip Syringe Catheter Tip Syringe

Syringes

Luer- Lock Syringe

Slip Tip Syringe

Parts of a Syringe Barrel (non-sterile) Flange on the Barrel (non-sterile) Plunger (rubber portion and the shaft are sterile) Flange on the Plunger (non-sterile) Syringe Tip (Needle Attachment – sterile) Calibrated Scales – markings vary from 0.01 on 1 ml syringe to 0.2 ml on 3-5 ml syringe; insulin syringes measure in units (1 or 2 units) always check the calibrated scale

Major Types of Needles Gauges (diameter) 14-28 gauge Length (how long the needle is) ¼ inch – 3 inch

Needles

Parts of a Needle & Syringe Lumen – hollow cavity inside the needle Bevel – cutting edge of the needle Hub – point of attachment to the syringe Cannula (Shaft) – needle length Cap – Protective cover Shaft/ Cannula Hub Barrel Plunger Tip Bevel Rubber tip Flange Flange Lumen Shaft

Keep It Sterile!!! 1. The Needle must never touch anything which isn't sterile. 2. The barrel tip of the syringe should also not touch anything except the needle's hub end. (this could contaminate the entire interior of the barrel) 3. The rubber plunger should not be touched. 4. The area of the plunger that extends into the barrel should also be avoided. So, that leaves just the outer barrel, the finger flange, and the thumb tip of the plunger.

Skin Eruptions Macule – Flat spots on the skin, such as freckles Papule – Firm, raised area such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages of chicken pox and syphilis Vesicle – blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, suc as those seen in chickenpox and shingles Pustule – pus-filled sac such as those seen in acne

Skin Eruptions Crust – areas of dried blood, pus, commonly seen in scabs Wheal – itchy, elevated area with an irregular shape; hives, insect bites Ulcer – deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

Macule

Papule

Vesicle

Pustule

Crust

Wheal

Ulcer

Fissure – Cracks in the skin

Laceration