Matter - takes up space and has mass

States of matter 1. Solids have a rigid shape and fixed volume. 2. Liquids have a fixed volume but are not rigid in shape. 3. Gases have neither a fixed volume or rigid shape.

Physical Properties can be observed or measured without changing a substance density magnetic character color odor boiling and melting temperature solubility

Chemical Properties Ability to undergo specific chemical reactions and form new substances. Examples: Flammability Reactivity Ability to rust Combustibility

CHANGES IN MATTER Physical Changes- alter a substance without changing its composition. Changes in state Changes in shape or size Generally REVERSIBLE Chemical Changes- (reactions) one or more substances are changed into other substances NOT easily reversible Usually have one of the following…

Signs of a Chemical Reaction temperature change color change production of gas change in odor formation of precipitate

Pure Substances Pure Substances- have a uniform and definite composition; can be identified by their physical and chemical properties. Element- matter which cannot be broken down. B. Compound- pure substance which contains more than one element.

Element O Oxygen O Fe IRON Fe

Compound O Oxygen Fe IRON Fe2O3 Iron(III)oxide RUST!

Mixtures Mixtures- combinations of two or more pure substances. Homogenous, or uniform mixtures have the same composition throughout. Also called a solutions. Heterogenous, or non-uniform mixtures are those in which the composition varies throughout

Homogeneous Mixture a.k.a. SOLUTION Same throughout. All of liquid looks the same Air is a solution Oxygen (O2) Nigtrogen (N2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Argon (Ar) Others Other Examples: Air Ink Brass Maple syrup Salt water Kool-aid

Heterogeneous Mixture Regions of mixtures have different properties. Sand + Water = Heterogeneous Sand + Water + Stirring = Heterogeneous Can still see different parts, not uiniform. Examples: Orange Juice Pizza Salad Milk Banana Split Blood Chicken Noodle Soup

Separating Mixtures You can separate mixtures through physical changes. Example: Chromatography is the separation of colors