Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum CNS Part II Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum
I. D I E N C E P H A L O N Centrally located, encased by cerebral hemispheres Composed of gray matter Consists of: Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus
A. Thalamus Largest portion of diencephalon Encases the 3rd ventricle
Function of Thalamus “Gateway” to the Cerebrum! Receives all afferent impulses and directs them to specific areas of cerebral cortex!
II. Hypothalamus Anterior/Inferior location to thalamus Infundibulum: inferior projection connecting hypothalamus to Pituitary Gland
Infundibulum
Function of Hypothalamus Functions as VISCERAL control center of body! Monitors conditions in the body and makes adjustments to maintain… H O M E O S T A S I S
How does the Hypothalamus Maintain Homeostasis? Divided into Control Centers! Autonomic Control Center Blood pressure Heart rate / breathing rate Movement of food through digestive tract Eye pupil size
Emotional Response Center Part of LIMBIC SYSTEM! Allows for perception of emotions Allows for perception of biological urges Influences Autonomic Control Center! Examples?
Temperature Regulation Center Monitors temp of blood leading to body responses to temperature changes
Hunger / Thirst Control Center Monitors blood for glucose / water levels Low glucose HUNGER! High glucose SATIATION! Low water thirst High water urination!
Sleep/wake Centers What sense is relied upon most here?
Endocrine System Control Center Regulates / Controls the PITUITARY GLAND!
III. Epithalamus Located superiorly/posteriorly to thalamus Contains Pineal Gland Secretes Melatonin Induces Sleep! Contains Choroid Plexus Function?
II. BRAIN STEM Provides connection to Spinal cord Consists of: MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA
MIDBRAIN… know where it is! PONS… Acts as relay center between cerebellum and motor cortex of cerebrum
MEDULLA OBLONGATA Regulates Autonomic Functions! Heart Rate Blood pressure Breathing rate, etc. “Monitored” by Hypothalamus! (Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic)
III. CEREBELLUM Located inferiorly to cerebrum ~10% of brain mass
Cerebellum
Cerebellum Anatomy Divided into cerebellar hemispheres Connected by VERMIS Superficial gray matter cortex Deep White matter Arbor vitae appearance of white matter
ARBOR VITAE
Function of Cerebellum Processes information from premotor cortex and primary motor cortex! Allows for physical coordination of movements!
Sensory Receptor Categories Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors Thermoreceptors Photoreceptors Act as Energy Transducers