Figure 1 Boxes represent effect estimates and lines represent 95% confidence intervals. (A) Effect of evolocumab on the risk of major vascular events [cardiovascular.

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Figure 1 Boxes represent effect estimates and lines represent 95% confidence intervals. (A) Effect of evolocumab on the risk of major vascular events [cardiovascular death (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or urgent revascularization] plotted on the overall Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) regression line representing the observed reduction in risk per mmol/L reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) over an average of 5 years of treatment with a statin. (B) Effect of evolocumab and bococizumab as compared to the effect of statins by duration of treatment (red line represents the fitted regression line for a 12% reduction in risk of major vascular events per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C after 1 year of treatment; blue line represents 17% reduction in risk of major vascular events per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C after 2 years of treatment; orange line represents 20% reduction in risk of major vascular events per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C after 3 years of treatment; and grey line represents 22% reduction in risk of major vascular events per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C after 4 or more years of treatment with a statin as estimated by the CTT collaborators). The regression line for each duration of therapy is derived by drawing a line through the estimated benefit of treatment with a statin per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C for any duration of therapy (given in Table 1, column 7) that is forced to pass through the origin. HPS, Heart Protection Study; 4S, Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study’ WOSCOPS, West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study; CARE, Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial; LIPID, Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease trial. From: Reduction of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and cardiovascular events with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and statins: an analysis of FOURIER, SPIRE, and the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration Eur Heart J. Published online August 14, 2017. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx450 Eur Heart J | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 2 Boxes represent effect estimates and lines represent 95% confidence intervals. (A) Effect of variants that mimic proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors as compared to variants that mimic statins on the risk of various cardiovascular outcomes per 0.25 mmol/L reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). (B) Effect of PCSK9 inhibitors per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C in a meta-analysis of the FOURIER and SPIRE-2 trials during the first year of treatment as compared with the effect of statins during the first year of treatment per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C as reported by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaboration. (C) Effect of PCSK9 inhibitors in the FOURIER trial per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C during the second year of treatment as compared to the effect of statins during the second year of treatment per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C as reported by the CTT. From: Reduction of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and cardiovascular events with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and statins: an analysis of FOURIER, SPIRE, and the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration Eur Heart J. Published online August 14, 2017. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx450 Eur Heart J | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com