CHAPTER 9 Human Genetics

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 9 Human Genetics Pp 174-178

heredity: transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Mendel Mendel’s Peas Observed 7 characteristics Observed 2 traits within each characteristic EX. CHARACTERISTIC: flower color TRAIT: purple or white Observations: purple flowering plants produced both purple and white flowering plants

Mendel’s Experiment (page 175)

Mendel’s Results One trait was masked by a dominant factor and the trait that did not appear (in F1 but did in F2) was recessive Trait controlled by a recessive factor is masked when paired with a dominant

Chromosomes and genes Gene (located on a chromosome) codes for a characteristic (ie flower color) Different forms of a gene = allele (i.e. purple or white) Letters used to represent alleles dominant trait capitalized (purple = P) recessive lower case (white = p)

Genotypes and Phenotypes Genotype: alleles an organism inherits EX: PP Pp pp Phenotypes: appearance due to the genotype EX: PP (purple) Pp (purple) pp (white) Homozygous: both alleles are alike (PP or pp) Heterozygous: alleles are different

Rules Law of segregation: paired factors separate during meiosis (formation of gametes) Law of independent assortment: alleles sort independently of one another (not all dominant appeared together)