RRI: A CROSSOVER PRINCIPLE? DARIAH-EU kick-off | 18.01.2017 Asle H. Kiran

RRI “Responsible Research and Innovation” A key principle in SWaFS and throughout Horizon 2020 And in Norway: BIOTEK2021 / NANO2021 / IKTPluss (Samansvar) DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017

Digital Life Norway | background Developments in biotechnology → transdisciplinary and complex; → data driven and digitalisation; → mathematical modelling emerging as a uniting (and expanding) principle And increasing emphasis on innovation, value-creation and societal relevance Led to 2014 policy paper from the BIOTEK2021-programme: Digital Life – Convergence for Innovation DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017

Digital Life Norway | background On this background of ‘innovation meets societal relevance’, RRI is given a prominent role in the Digital Life Initiative “All activities under the Digital Life initiative must be underpinned by the principle and practice of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). It is critical that the biotechnology community is mindful of its societal context and develops anticipatory competence regarding its impacts. What kind of future do we collectively want science, technology and innovation to bring into the world? RRI is a new approach to governance that challenges us all to think about our responsibilities for the future, as scientists, funders, innovators and citizens, and to act upon these.” (2014, p.11-12) DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017

Centre for Digital Life Norway (DLN) | network project Distributed structure: 5 work groups across 3 UNIs (Trondheim, Oslo, Bergen) Led by Trygve Brautaset, NTNU RRI part of WG1 – governance RRI-group do not do research on RRI; facilitate RRI-work throughout DLN, by providing: - some activities (meetings, workshops, courses) - assistance for research projects in implementing an RRI-component Asle H. Kiran Coordinator (NTNU, 80%) Roger Strand Coordinator (UiB, 20%) Heidrun Åm Leader (NTNU) Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018

RRI | being proactive Why RRI? → technologies change society → choices about technologies become choices about the kind of society we will get → research and innovation should be performed in a responsible manner From ‘technology assessment’ to RRI – two lines of development: 1. from external control (“experts”) to internal shaping (incl. stakeholders) 2. from hindsight to in-real-time: “a design strategy” A way of doing science and innovation: problem understanding and –definition; planning; deducting; testing; prototyping and production; strategies for commercialization; and implementation Being proactive towards societal impact: overarching goal is for research agendas and societal requirements to coincide Johan Schot and Arie Rip (1996) The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol 54, pp. 251–268 DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018

RRI | definition 1: von Schomberg 2011 [RRI] is a transparent, interactive process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view on the (ethical) acceptability, sustainability and social desirability of the innovation process and its marketable products (in order to allow a proper embedding of scientific and technological advances in our society). In: R. von Schomberg (Ed.), Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields, European Commission, Brussels (2011), p. 9. DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018

RRI | definition 2: horizon 2020 Responsible research and innovation is an approach that anticipates and assesses potential implications and societal expectations with regard to research and innovation, with the aim to foster the design of inclusive and sustainable research and innovation. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) implies that societal actors (researchers, citizens, policy makers, business, third sector organizations, etc.) work together during the whole research and innovation process in order to better align both the process and its outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of society. https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/responsible-research-innovation DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018

RRI | definition 3: Owen, Stilgoe, Macnaghten 2013 Responsible innovation means taking care of the future through collective stewardship of science and innovation in the present Owen, Richard, Jack Stilgoe, Phil Mcnaghten 2013. Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, vol 42, Issue 9. DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018

Dimensions of Responsible Innovation RRI | dimensions Anticipatory (“fremadskuende”): describe and analyze intended and potentially unintended consequences (economic, social, environmental, etc.); basis for reflection and deliberation Reflective (“refleksiv”): Reflect on underlying purposes, motivations and presumptions, and the desirability of the technology and its social impacts Deliberative (“inkluderende”): Invite and listen to perspectives from stakeholders (dialogue, debate, engagement); allow for “external” perspectives to change the focus and to identify potential contestation Responsive (“dynamisk/fleksibel”): Let the collective anticipation and reflection influence both trajectory and pace of the research and innovation Dimensions of Responsible Innovation Anticipatory Reflective Deliberative Responsive DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017

RRI | six keys Governance: developing and coordinating stakeholder networks and collaborations; meta-key Ethics: research ethics; societal relevance; ethical acceptability Gender balance: both project group and leadership Open access/science: a democratic policy ideal Science education: recruitment; creating engagement for science in schools and high schools Public engagement: a key key?; knowledge alone does not ensure public acceptance DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017

RRI |open access/science Precedes the concept of RRI, and a policy goal for much (all?) publicly funded research “Open science is a practice in which the scientific process is shared completely and in real time. It offers the potential to support information flow, collaboration and dialogue among professional and non- professional participants” (Grand et al 2014) For RRI, open access is not an end in itself but a means to achieve the goal of better alignment of research and innovation with societal values, needs and concerns Data Management in DLN (WG4): FAIR-principles: Fair, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable FAIRDOM: open software for data management in systems biology: collecting, standardising, storing, sharing and recollecting → note: project-internal, not necessarily for open science Challenge: how does the ideal of openness change research projects relation to participants (consent, privacy, etc.)? Grand, A., Wilkinson, C., Bultitude, K. and Winfield, A. F. (2014), ‘Mapping the hinterland: Data issues in open science’, Public Understanding of Science. Strand et al: Indicators for promoting and monitoring Responsible Research and Innovation. European Commission 2015 DARIAH-EU Kick-off | NTNU, Trondheim | 18.01.2017 25.06.2018