Technician Licensing Class T 8 A - T 8 D Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018 1 1

T 8 A Single sideband (SSB) is a form of amplitude modulation. T8A01 The most common type of modulation used for VHF packet radio transmission is FM. T8A02 2

T 8 A SSB (single sideband) is the voice mode most often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands. T8A03 Frequency modulation (FM) us most commonly used for VHF and UHF repeaters. T8A04 3

T 8 A The type of emission that has the narrowest bandwidth is CW. T8A05 Upper sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF and UHF single-sideband communications. as our communications mode. T8A06 4

T 8 A The primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions is SSB signals have narrower bandwidth. T8A07 5

T 8 A 3 kHz is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband voice signal. T8A08 6

T 8 A The approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal is between 10 and 15 kHz. T8A09 The typical bandwidth of an analog fast-scan TV transmission on the 70 cm band is about 6 MHz. T8A10 150 Hz is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CQ signal. T8A11 7

T 8 B Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station. T8B01 The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact is the amount of power that should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station. T8B02 8

T 8 B The following are provided by satellite tracking programs: Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over the earth; The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and the end of a pass; The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift. All of these answers are correct. T8B03 9

T 8 B Any amateur holding Technician Class license or higher, may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies. T8B04 A Satellite beacon is a transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite. T8B05 10

T 8 B Keplerian elements are inputs to a satellite tracking program. T8B06 Computer programs and websites can show you where and when an amateur satellite or the Space Station will be in range of your ham station. 11

T 8 B With regard to satellite communications, an observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth station is called Doppler shift. T8B07 12 Doppler Effect

T 8 B When a satellite is operating in mode U/V it means the satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band. T8B08 Rotation of the satellite and its antennas cause spin fading when referring to a satellite’s signals.T8B09 Frequency Bands Frequency Range Modes High Frequency 21 - 30 MHz Mode H VHF 144 - 146 MHz Mode V UHF 435 - 438 MHz Mode U L band 1.26 - 1.27 GHz Mode L S band 2.4 - 2.45 GHz Mode S C band 5.8 GHz Mode C X band 10.4 GHz Mode X K band 24 Ghz Mode K 13

T 8 B The initials LEO tell you that the satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit. T8B10 FM packet is a commonly used method of sending signals to and from a digital satellite. T8B11 14

T 8 C To locate sources of noise interference or jamming, use radio direction finding equipment. T8C01 A directional antenna would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt. T8C02 15

T 8 C A popular operating activity that involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time is called contesting. T8C03 When contacting another station in a radio contest a good procedure is to send only the minimum information needed for the proper identification and the contest exchange. T8C04 A Grid locator is a letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location. T8C05 16

T 8 C Access to an IRLP node is accomplished by using DTMF signals. T8C06 The maximum power allowed for controlling your model aircraft on the ham radio is 1 watt. T8C07 On-air station ID for radio control model using amateur frequencies require a label with: Licensee’s name Call Sign and address Affixed to the transmitter T8C08 17

T 8 C You might obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP from a repeater directory. T8C09 Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID to select a specific IRLP node when using a portable transceiver. T8C10 A gateway is the name given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet. T8C11 18

T 8 C VoIP as used in amateur radio is a method of delivering voice communications over the Internet using digital techniques. T8C12 The Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP) is a technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the Internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol. T8C13 19

T 8 D The following are examples of a digital communications method: Packet; PSK31; MFSK; All of these choices are correct. T8D01 20

T 8 D The term “APRS” means Automatic Packet Reporting System. T8D02 A Global Positioning System receiver provides data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station. T8D03 21

T 8 D An analog fast scan color TV signal is the type of transmission indicated by the term NTSC. T8D04 An application of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) is that it provides real time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations. T8D05 The abbreviation PSK means Phase Shift Keying. T8D06 PSK31 is a low-rate data transmission mode. T8D07 22

T 8 D The following may be included in packet transmissions: A checksum which permits error detection; A header which contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent; Automatic repeat request in case of error; All of these choices are correct. T8D08 International Morse code is the code used when sending CW in the amateur bands. T8D09 23

T 8 D The following devices can be used to transmit CW in the amateur bands: Straight Key; Electronic keyer; Computer keyboard; All of these choices are correct. T8D10 24

T 8 D An ARQ transmission system is a digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information. T8D11 25

Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool T 8 A – T 8 D Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018 26

T8A01 Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? Spread-spectrum Packet radio Single sideband Phase shift keying 27

T8A02. What type of modulation is most commonly. used T8A02 What type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions? FM SSB AM Spread Spectrum 28

T8A03. Which type of voice mode is most often used for T8A03 Which type of voice mode is most often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands ? FM DRM SSB PM 29

T8A04. Which type of modulation is most commonly T8A04 Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters? AM SSB PSK FM 30

T8A05. Which of the following types of emission has the T8A05 Which of the following types of emission has the narrowest bandwidth? FM voice SSB voice CW Slow-scan TV 31

T8A06. Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter T8A06 Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF and UHF single-sideband communications? Upper sideband Lower sideband Suppressed sideband Inverted sideband 32

T8A07. What is the primary advantage of single sideband T8A07 What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions? SSB signals are easier to tune SSB signals are less susceptible to interference SSB signals have narrower bandwidth All of these choices are correct 33

T8A08. What is the approximate bandwidth of a single T8A08 What is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband voice signal? 1 kHz 3 kHz 6 kHz 15 kHz 34

T8A09. What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF T8A09 What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal? Less than 500 Hz About 150 kHz Between 10 and 15 kHz Between 50 and 125 kHz 35

T8A10. What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan T8A10 What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 cm band ? More than 10 MHz About 6 MHz About 3 MHz About 1 MHz 36

T8A11. What is the approximate maximum bandwidth T8A11 What is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal? 2.4 kHz 150 Hz 1000 Hz 15 kHz 37

T8B01. Who may be the control operator of a station T8B01 Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station? Only an Amateur Extra Class operator A General Class licensee or higher licensee who has a satellite operator certification Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency 38

T8B02. How much transmitter power should be used on T8B02 How much transmitter power should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station? The maximum power of your transmitter The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact No more than half the rating of your linear amplifier Never more than 1 watt 39

T8B03. Which of the following are provided by T8B03 Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs? Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over the earth The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift All of these choices are correct 40

T8B04. Which amateur stations may make contact with an T8B04 Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies? Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class license Only the astronaut's family members who are hams You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies 41

T8B05 What is a satellite beacon? The primary transmit antenna on the satellite An indicator light that that shows where to point your antenna A reflective surface on the satellite A transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite 42

T8B06. Which of the following are inputs to a satellite T8B06 Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program? The weight of the satellite The Keplerian elements The last observed time of zero Doppler Shift All of these answers are correct 43

T8B07 With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift? A change in the satellite orbit A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth station A special digital communications mode for some satellites 44

T8B08. What is meant by the statement that a. satellite is T8B08 What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in mode U/V? The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies The satellite frequencies are usually variable 45

T8B09 What causes spin fading when referring to satellite signals? Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun Rotation of the satellite and its antennas Doppler shift of the received signal Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band 46

T8B10 What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite? The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver The satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics 47

T8B11. What is a commonly used method of sending T8B11 What is a commonly used method of sending signals to and from a digital satellite? USB AFSK PSK31 FM Packet WSJT 48

T8C01. Which of the following methods is used to locate T8C01 Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? Echolocation Doppler radar Radio direction finding Phase locking 49

T8C02. Which of these items would be useful for a T8C02 Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt? Calibrated SWR meter A directional antenna A calibrated noise bridge All of these choices are correct 50

T8C03. What popular operating activity involves T8C03 What popular operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time? Contesting Net operations Public service events Simulated emergency exercises 51

T8C04. Which of the following is good procedure when T8C04 Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a radio contest? Be sure to sign only the last two letters of your call if there is a pileup calling the station Work the station twice to be sure that you are in his log Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange All of these choices are correct 52

T8C05 What is a grid locator? A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier An instrument for radio direction finding 53

T8C06 How is access to an IRLP node accomplished? By obtaining a password which is sent via voice to the node By using DTMF signals By entering the proper Internet password By using CTCSS tone codes 54

T8C07. What is the maximum power allowed when T8C07 What is the maximum power allowed when transmitting telecommand signals to radio controlled models? 500 milliwatts 1 watt 25 watts 1500 watts 55

T8C08. What is required in place of on-air station T8C08 What is required in place of on-air station identification when sending signals to a radio control model using amateur frequencies? Voice identification must be transmitted every 10 minutes Morse code ID must be sent once per hour A label indicating the licensee's name, call sign and address must be affixed to the transmitter A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna with the station call sign in 1 inch high letters or larger 56

T8C09 How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP? From the FCC Rulebook From your local emergency coordinator From a repeater directory From the local repeater frequency coordinator 57

T8C10. How do you select a specific IRLP node when T8C10 How do you select a specific IRLP node when using a portable transceiver? Choose a specific CTCSS tone Choose the correct DSC tone Access the repeater autopatch Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID 58

T8C11. What name is given to an amateur radio station T8C11 What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? A gateway A repeater A digipeater A beacon 59

T8C12. What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol T8C12 What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as used in amateur radio? A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the Internet to another station A set of guidelines for working DX during contests using Internet access A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the Internet A method of delivering voice communications over the Internet using digital techniques 60

T8C13 What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)? A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the Internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the Internet 61

T8D01. Which of the following is an example of a digital T8D01 Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method? Packet PSK31 MFSK All of these choices are correct 62

T8D02 What does the term “APRS” mean? Automatic Packet Reporting System Associated Public Radio Station Auto Planning Radio Set-up Advanced Polar Radio System 63

T8D03. Which of the following provides data to the T8D03 Which of the following provides data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station? The vehicle speedometer A WWV receiver A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver A Global Positioning System receiver 64

T8D04 What type of transmission is indicated by the term NTSC? A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit A special mode for earth satellite uplink An analog fast scan color TV signal A frame compression scheme for TV signals 65

T8D05. Which of the following is an application of APRS T8D05 Which of the following is an application of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System)? Providing real time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval Providing voice over Internet connection between repeaters Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater 66

T8D06 What does the abbreviation PSK mean? Pulse Shift Keying Phase Shift Keying Packet Short Keying Phased Slide Keying 67

T8D07 What is PSK31? A high-rate data transmission mode A method of reducing noise interference to FM signals A method of compressing digital television signal A low-rate data transmission mode 68

T8D08 Which of the following may be included in packet transmissions? A check sum which permits error detection A header which contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent Automatic repeat request in case of error All of these choices are correct 69

T8D09 What code is used when sending CW in the amateur bands? Baudot Hamming International Morse Gray 70

T8D10. Which of the following can be used to transmit T8D10 Which of the following can be used to transmit CW in the amateur bands? Straight Key Electronic Keyer Computer Keyboard All of these choices are correct 71

T8D11 What is an ARQ transmission system? A special transmission format limited to video signals A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite A digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information A method of compressing the data in a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time 72