Computer applications to water resources management

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Presentation transcript:

Computer applications to water resources management Prof. F.T. Mugabe

Variables that affect water resources – water quantity and quality Demand for water Supply of water Management of water and water related resources

Demand for water Population – population growth, population distribution and density, living standards, sanitation, urbanisation – SADC 140m (1995) – 292m (2025) The increase in population – an increase in water use for domestic, industry and agriculture WHO recommends 50 litres per person per day Industrial growth – mining, manufacturing, tourism and recreation, power generation Agriculture – irrigation – 40-60% lost as evaporation and seepage, aquaculture, stock industry Ecological zones – wetlands, forestry, grasslands and rangeland, wildlife, fisheries

Water supply What is the source of water supply? Surface water and groundwater Surface water threatened by overexploitation, poor management, substandard sewage effluent and runoff from agricultural lands treated with herbicides and pesticides Decrease in water supply due to pollution e.g Lake Chivero Water hyacinth choking Lakes Chivero, Mutirikwis and Kariba Climatic change and variability – lake and reservoir levels, river discharges, evaporation, soil moisture content, groundwater,

Management issues that would improve upon the availability of and access to water Family planning – Chinese example Settlement patterns and urbanisation Appropriate policies Water pricing structures Technology choice – Tel Aviv Participatory mechanisms Regional cooperation Where does Water resources modelling come in?