Fig. 1. Flow of subjects through different phases of the study.

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Fig. 1. Flow of subjects through different phases of the study. From: Older Men Are as Responsive as Young Men to the Anabolic Effects of Graded Doses of Testosterone on the Skeletal Muscle J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):678-688. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1184 J Clin Endocrinol Metab | Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Fig. 2. Changes from baseline in serum total and free testosterone and LH levels in young (▪) and older () men in response to graded doses of testosterone enanthate. Healthy, young and older men were randomized to receive a long-acting GnRH agonist plus one of five different doses of testosterone enanthate (25, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg weekly, im) for 20 wk. Serum testosterone levels were measured 7 d after the previous testosterone injection and represent nadir levels during wk 16. Data are the mean ± sem. If there was a significant age effect, the values for young and older men for each dose were compared using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. *, Significant differences between young and older men receiving that dose (P < 0.05). Similarly, if the linear model revealed a significant dose effect, then different dose groups were compared using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. To convert serum total testosterone levels from conventional units (nanograms per deciliter) to Systeme International units (nanomoles per liter), multiply values in nanograms per deciliter by 0.03467. To convert free testosterone levels from conventional units (picograms per milliliter) to Systeme International units (picomoles per liter), multiply values in picograms per milliliter by 3.467. From: Older Men Are as Responsive as Young Men to the Anabolic Effects of Graded Doses of Testosterone on the Skeletal Muscle J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):678-688. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1184 J Clin Endocrinol Metab | Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Fig. 3. Changes from baseline in hemoglobin, serum PSA, and HDL cholesterol levels in men in response to graded doses of testosterone enanthate. Healthy, young and older men were randomized to receive a long-acting GnRH agonist plus one of five different doses of testosterone enanthate (25, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg weekly, im) for 20 wk. Changes in other outcome measures were calculated as the difference between wk 20 and baseline values. Data are the mean ± sem. *, Significant differences between young and older men receiving that dose (P < 0.05). To convert PSA from conventional units (nanograms per milliliter) to Systeme International units (micrograms per liter), multiply values in nanograms per milliliter by 1. To convert HDL cholesterol values from milligrams per deciliter to millimoles per liter, multiply values in milligrams per deciliter by 0.02586. From: Older Men Are as Responsive as Young Men to the Anabolic Effects of Graded Doses of Testosterone on the Skeletal Muscle J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):678-688. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1184 J Clin Endocrinol Metab | Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Fig. 4. Changes from baseline in FFM, fat mass, leg press strength, and skeletal muscle mass in young (▪) and older () men in response to graded doses of testosterone enanthate. Healthy, young and older men were randomized to receive a long-acting GnRH agonist plus one of five different doses of testosterone enanthate (25, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg weekly, im) for 20 wk. Changes in other outcome measures were calculated as the difference between wk 20 and baseline values. Data are the mean ± sem. If there was a significant age effect, the values for young and older men for each dose were compared using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. *, Significant differences between young and older men receiving that dose (P < 0.05). Similarly, if the linear model revealed a significant dose effect, then different dose groups were compared using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. #, Significant difference from 25- and 50-mg doses (P < 0.05). From: Older Men Are as Responsive as Young Men to the Anabolic Effects of Graded Doses of Testosterone on the Skeletal Muscle J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):678-688. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1184 J Clin Endocrinol Metab | Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society