Unit 4 World War I Ch. 13 Russian Revolution Ch. 14 Section 1

A Fragile Peace There had been peace in Europe for years (CoV?) OTTO von BISMARCK A Fragile Peace There had been peace in Europe for years (CoV?) However, many forces were at work to destroy the peace Otto von Bismarck – Germany (1871) and Realpolitik

Causes of World War 1 NATIONALISM THE BALKAN COUNTRIES IMPERIALISM Local competition for resources and materials Creates rivalry IMPERIALISM Overseas conflict for territories Creates mistrust MILITARISM See definition THE BALKAN COUNTRIES Southeastern Europe Gateway to Mediterranean $$ in trade (Suez?) ALLIANCE SYSTEM Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary Allied Powers England, France (U.S.) ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND See video

Militarism INDUSTRIALIZATION Kept citizens feeling safe and patriotic “Glorifying military power and keeping a strong military always ready for war” INDUSTRIALIZATION Kept citizens feeling safe and patriotic Increased economy of each nation Countries competed with each other for bigger and better

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated June 28, 1914 on visit to Bosnia Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Black Hand) committed to ridding Serbia of Austrian rule Austria-Hungary sends troops to Serbia, and Germany supports them Russia supported Serbia and sent troops to Austria ALLIANCE SYSTEM

“War Declared By All” http://spartans.sstx.org/~ccolvin/history11/WWI%20Onion%20map.pdf

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Question of the Day Is there anything you would willingly die for? If so, what is it? If not, what is the biggest personal sacrifice you have ever made?

The Schlieffen Plan German troops would race west to fight France then come back and fight Russia (which is slower to mobilize) BUT Belgium is neutral First Battle of the Marne defeated the Germans and saved the Allied Powers This two front war would quickly become a stalemate everywhere

Stalemate Western Front fought to a “draw” Trench warfare War of Attrition War spreading to ROW

A New Type of War - New Weapons Trench Warfare Machine Gun Poison Gas Tank Airplanes/Blimp Submarines

World War 1 Tech

Other Things Happening… 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic At least 50 million people died around the world Balfour Declaration Calls for a Jewish Homeland Eventually lead to creation of Israel

United States “Total War” Prez Wilson declares war April 2, 1917 WHY? Because of… Unrestricted German sub activity (Lusitania) Cultural ties Economic ties War atrocities (propaganda) Zimmerman Note – Mexico vs US? “Total War” Lusitania May 7, 1915

Gallipoli Campaign Allied failure Australians (ANZAC) vs Turks (Ottoman Empire) Over 500,000 total casualties with a 60% casualty rate Rocky/hilly terrain, heavily defended Example of senseless death of war

Central Powers Slowly Defeated Germany surrendered and declared itself Weimar Republic Armistice signed November 11, 1918 in a railroad car near Paris Remember this RR car!

Wilson’s 14 Points Wilson’s 14 Points – peace plan Wanted Self-determination and a League of Nations Britain and France wanted harsh punishment for Germany Compromised with the Treaty of Versailles – June 28, 1919 Very hard on Germany – See Hitler, Adolf

German Territorial Losses and new countries (Map) Treaty of Versailles German Territorial Losses and new countries (Map) German Military Restrictions War Reparations - $$ League of Nations War Guilt Clause (MOST DAMAGING) RESULTS: No country is happy Creates more animosity & anger World War 2!!

Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II “Peace, Land, Bread” Maintained old-regime type control Same problems as France during FR “Peace, Land, Bread” Led by Vladimir Lenin Czar and family killed Marx-like “classless” society, except….with one ruling class 1922- United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) Lenin dies… Joseph Stalin MoS!

Lenin Dies - 1924 Joseph Stalin wins!? Totalitarian State After Lenin dies Battle for control with Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin wins!? more brutal than Lenin; purges gov’t Totalitarian State “Stalin – Man of Steel”

Europe in 1914 22 23 21 25 24 Triple Entente (Allied Countries) Page 368 Name and color Triple Entente (Allied Countries) Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Neutral Countries 22 23 21 24 25

Post-WW1 Map of Europe 30 26 27 29 28 Page 382 Name, color compare Countries with same name BUT lost or gained land NEWLY independent or newly created countries Countries that stayed EXACTLY the same as before the war 30 26 27 29 28