Chemistry & STEAM Fundamentals II

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Scientific & Chemical Fundamentals
Advertisements

Section 1.4 Metric Volume and Density
Density Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements, & Calculations Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
1 1.8 Density Chapter 1Measurements Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
1. Find your assigned seat and take a seat 2. SURVEY! - Use pencil - DO NOT put your name on it.
Density.
Scientific Measurement
Chapter 1-part 2 Measurements. Metric Equalities An equality states the same measurement in two different units. can be written using the relationships.
Density by. Density is _______per unit _______ of a material D = m ÷___ m = ___x___ v = m ÷ ____ D = _____ g/mL or g/cm 3 m = ____in grams L = length.
Density. Which do you think would have the greater mass? Greater volume? Why?  1 kg of feathers  1 kg of rock  Same mass!  Larger volume  Same mass!
Examples: Olive oil has 0.85 g / cm 3 (or 0.85 g / mL). 1 mL of olive oil has a mass of 0.85 grams. Iron has 7.8 g / cm 3. 1 cm 3 of iron has a mass of.
Density- Cornell notes page 125. Density Physical property of matter amount of matter in a given amount of space. (amount of matter is called “mass,”
Density Measuring the Density of Matter. What is Density Different substances may have the same mass, but they don’t necessarily fill the same volume.
Scientific & Chemical Fundamentals Precision & Accuracy/ Density Dr. Ron Rusay Spring 2008 © Copyright R.J. Rusay.
1 2.8 Density Chapter 2Measurements Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Ed ucation, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 Chemistry.
Scientific & Chemical Fundamentals Applications: Precision & Accuracy Density Dr. Ron Rusay Refer to Lab Manual & Worksheets.
Measurement-A Common Language Density, Time, & Temperature.
Measurement-A Common Language Density The measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume.
Scientific & Chemical Fundamentals Applications: Precision & Accuracy Density Dr. Ron Rusay © Copyright R.J. Rusay Refer to Lab Manual & Worksheets.
1. Which is more dense, water or wood? How do you know? 2. Which is more dense, 1 pound of lead or 100 pounds of lead? Wood, if it sinks in water. SAME!
Measurement-A Common Language Density, Time, & Temperature.
WHAT IS DENSITY One of the most important physical properties of a substance is its density, or what is mass per unit volume. The property of density may.
WU 9/7 1.How many sig. figs are in these measurements? a) g b L c mg d e s 2.Perform the following calculations:
Scientific & Chemical Fundamentals Applications: Precision & Accuracy Density Dr. Ron Rusay © Copyright R.J. Rusay Refer to Lab Manual & Worksheets.
1 2.8 Density Density Calculations Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Density Problems Honors
Density is defined as mass per unit volume. It is a measure of how tightly packed and how heavy the molecules are in an object. Density is the amount of.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 1.10 Density Chapter 1 Chemistry and Measurements © 2013 Pearson Education,
SPI Density What is density?  Density is the amount of matter (mass) you have crammed in a given space (volume) Reminder: mass is how much matter.
Density How close together the molecules of an object are. How Dense the molecules are. “Dense forest” = thick, hard to see through.
Density is Rice University – All Rights Reserved© 2011 Equal Volume The amount of matter in a given space or volume, a relationship between mass and volume.
Calculations Involving Density Calculating Density from Mass and Volume.
How can you compare the densities of liquids without calculations?
Chemistry & STEAM Fundamentals II Density An Objects’ Relationship of its Mass & Volume Dr. Ron Rusay.
Density. Take a look at the two boxes below. Each box has the same volume. If each ball has the same mass, which box would weigh more? Why?
Chemistry & STEAM Fundamentals II Density / Precision & Accuracy Quiz Dr. Ron Rusay.
9/6/2016 Tuesday. Science Log What is Mass? What is volume and how do you measure it?
Teaching Point: “To calculate the density of solids and liquids.”
2.7 Density Learning Goal Calculate the density of a substance; use the density to calculate the mass or volume of a substance. Objects that sink in water.
Scientific & Chemical Foundations
Chemistry & STEM Measurement II
Chem 106 Practical Everyday Chemistry
Density - the amount of mass a material has for a given volume
Density- notes page 21 Essential Question: How do we explain density?
Chapter 1 Measurements 1.8 Density.
DENSITY - an important and useful physical property
Density- Cornell notes page 21
Chapter 2 Measurements 2.8 Density
WARM UP (for NOTES) 1. Which is more dense, water or wood?
Will it Float or Sink? Density.
Density.
Chapter 1 Measurements 1.7 Density
Density -density is the amount of stuff in a given volume; it is symbolized as ρ -it is mass per volume; note that units can be virtually any mass or volume.
Starter quiz 1. Write the general equation for Metal + water Metal + acid Metal + oxygen 2. What metal do you usually put on iron in galvanization? 3.
Chapter 1 Measurements 1.7 Density
DENSITY.
DENSITY.
Chapter 2 Units of Measurement Measurements represent quantities.
MEASUREMENT Part4.
Bell Ringer Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats on top of water. All other rocks will sink in water. With your group, why do.
Mass, Volume, & Density.
DENSITY.
MEASURING MATTER.
Density Notes.
Density.
3.4 Density More Calculations!.
What weighs more a ton of bricks or a ton of feathers?
When you finish your quiz, Read pages 49-53, Section 2
Density: 1. Which is more dense, water or wood? How do you know?
Presentation transcript:

Chemistry & STEAM Fundamentals II Density An Objects’ Relationship of its Mass & Volume Dr. Ron Rusay

Density http://www.density.com/what.htm Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L; kg/m3] Calculation of iron density Notes: Proper units for density are mass per unit volume. Archimedes 250 B.C.E. Does iron float?.... The RMS Titanic?

Density Archimedes 250 B.C.E. Does iron float?.... The RMS Titanic? BBC: Secrets of Archimedes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajQCwTrd5ew NOVA: Why Do Ships Sink? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_xDZjrZ6zs What’s below the tip of the iceberg? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PPGe7MU6ME Calculation of iron density Notes: Proper units for density are mass per unit volume.

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3]; g/L; kg/m3 Very Dense Astronomical Objects: White Dwarfs http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap961203.html D = 1 x 10 9 kg/m3 = 1 x 10 3 kg/cm3 = 1 x 10 6 g/cm3 A White Dwarf’s mass is comparable to our Sun's, but its volume is about a million times smaller; the average density is ~1,000,000 times greater than the Sun’s 1.4 kg/m3 Our Sun will eventually become a white dwarf “butterfly”….. but not for ~5 billion years.

Calculate the density [D(ρ) = ? g/cm3 ] of a white dwarf. A white dwarf volume of 1 m3 has as a mass of 1.0 x 109 kg. (1 kg = 1000g; 1 m3 = 1 x 10 6 cm3 ) Conversion Factors can always be looked up. They are found in many references. Selection of which to use determines how to do a calculation. D(ρ) = ? g/cm3 1.0 x 109 kg / 1 m3 4.9289 mL = 1 tsp

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Using exact numbers / “scale factors” UNITS A Bookkeeping Method: Example Calculate the density [D(ρ) = ? g/cm3 ] of a white dwarf, 1.0 x 109 kg / 1 m3 (1 kg = 1000g; 1 m3 = 1 x 10 6 cm3; 1 Ton (T) = 1000kg) __________________ = ________ ? g kg m3 cm3 g kg ? cm3 1 m3

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Using exact numbers / “scale factors” UNITS A Bookkeeping Method: Example Calculate the density [D(ρ) = ? g/cm3 ] of a white dwarf, 1.0 x 109 kg / 1 m3 (1 kg = 1000g; 1 m3 = 1 x 10 6 cm3; 1 Ton (T) = 1000kg) 1.000 x 106 1 1.0 x 10 9 1,000 1,000,000 1 __________________ = ________ ? g kg m3 cm3 g kg ? cm3 m3

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Using exact numbers / “scale factors” UNITS A Bookkeeping Method: Example Calculate the density [D(ρ) = ? T/cm3 ] of a white dwarf, 1.0 x 109 kg / 1 m3 (1 kg = 1000g; 1 m3 = 1 x 10 6 cm3; 1 Ton (T) = 1000kg) __________________ = ______ kg m3 cm3 T kg ? T ? cm3 m3

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Using exact numbers / “scale factors” UNITS A Bookkeeping Method: Example Calculate the density [D(ρ) = ? T/cm3 ] of a white dwarf, 1.0 x 109 kg / 1 m3 (1 kg = 1000g; 1 m3 = 1 x 10 6 cm3; 1 Ton (T) = 1000kg) 1.000 x 106 1 1.0 x 10 9 1,000 __________________ = ______ kg m3 cm3 T kg 1 ? T ? cm3 m3

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3 or kg/L]; [Also for other objects: g/L or mg/cm3; kg/m3] “Besides black holes, there’s nothing denser than what we’re creating,” said David Evans, a team leader for the Large Hadron Collider’s ALICE detector, which helped observe the quark-gluon plasma shown. “If you had a cubic centimeter of this stuff, it would weigh 40 billion tons.” http://www.zmescience.com/science/physics/quark-gluon-plasma-lhc-26052011/#ixzz3foandtPt How does quark-gluon plasma’s claimed density compare to a white dwarf?

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3 or kg/L]; [Also for other objects: g/L or mg/cm3; kg/m3] How does quark-gluon plasma’s claimed density compare to a white dwarf? “If you had a cubic centimeter of this stuff, it would weigh 40 billion tons.” 40 times larger 40 T / 1cm3 ÷ 1 T /1cm3 =

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Calculate the density of 1 teaspoon (tsp) of an astronomical object that is claimed to weigh 3 metric tons (T). 3 T /1 tsp  ? T/cm3  ? kg/cm3  ? g/cm3 (1 tsp = 4.9289 mL; 1 T = 1,000 kg; 1 kg = 1,000 g; 1 mL = 1 cm3 ) _________________ = ________ ? T T tsp mL mL cm3 cm3 tsp

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Calculate the density of 1 teaspoon (tsp) of an astronomical object that is claimed to weigh 3 metric tons (T). 3 T /1 tsp  ? T/cm3  ? kg/cm3  ? g/cm3 (1 tsp = 4.9289 mL; 1 T = 1,000 kg; 1 kg = 1,000 g; 1 mL = 1 cm3 ) 6 x 10-1 4.9289 1 3 _________________ = ________ ? T T tsp mL mL cm3 cm3 tsp

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Calculate the density of 1 teaspoon (tsp) of an astronomical object that is claimed to weigh 3 metric tons (T). 3 T /1 tsp  ? T/cm3  ? kg/cm3  ? g/cm3 (1 tsp = 4.9289 mL; 1 T = 1,000 kg; 1 kg = 1,000 g; 1 mL = 1 cm3 ) 6 x 102 4.9289 1 3 1,000 _______________________ = ________ ? kg T tsp mL mL cm3 kg T cm3 tsp

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations Calculate the density of 1 teaspoon (tsp) of an astronomical object that is claimed to weigh 3 metric tons (T). 3 T /1 tsp  ? T/cm3  ? kg/cm3  ? g/cm3 (1 tsp = 4.9289 mL; 1 T = 1,000 kg; 1 kg = 1,000 g; 1 mL = 1 cm3 ) 6 x 105 4.9289 1 3 1,000 ___________________________ = ________ T tsp mL mL cm3 kg T g kg ? g cm3 tsp

Density: Ultralight microlattices Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L; kg/m3] T. A. Schaedler et al. Science 2011;334:962-965 Design, processing, and cellular architecture of ultralight microlattices. (A) Polymer microlattice templates are fabricated from a three-dimensional array of self-propagating photopolymer waveguides. (B) The open-cellular templates are electroless plated with a conformal Ni-P thin film followed by etch removal of the template. (C) Image of the lightest Ni-P microlattice fabricated with this approach: 0.9 mg/cm3. (D and E) Images of two as-fabricated microlattices along with a breakdown of the relevant architectural elements. http://www.gizmag.com/ultralight-micro-lattice-material/20537/ 0.9 mg/cm3 (air = 1.2 mg/cm3) Published by AAAS

Engineering Ultralight Microlattices Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L; kg/m3] T. A. Schaedler et al. Science 2011;334:962-965 Design, processing, and cellular architecture of ultralight microlattices. (A) Polymer microlattice templates are fabricated from a three-dimensional array of self-propagating photopolymer waveguides. (B) The open-cellular templates are electroless plated with a conformal Ni-P thin film followed by etch removal of the template. (C) Image of the lightest Ni-P microlattice fabricated with this approach: 0.9 mg/cm3. (D and E) Images of two as-fabricated microlattices along with a breakdown of the relevant architectural elements. 0.9 mg/cm3 Published by AAAS

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L; kg/m3] Aerographite is a synthetic foam consisting of a porous interconnected network of carbon nanotubes. It was first reported by researchers at the University of Kiel and the Technical University of Hamburg in Germany in a scientific journal in June 2012. It’s density is: D = 0.18 mg/cm3

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L; kg/m3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bIXUBXj070 0.16 mg/cm3 Chao Gao et. al., Zhejiang University, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering  Nature 494, 404 (28 February 2013) doi:10.1038/494404a

QUESTION A metal sample is hammered into a rectangular sheet with an area of 31.2 ft2 and an average thickness of 2.30 × 10−6 cm. If the mass of this sample is 0.4767 g, predict the identity of the metal. The density of the metal is shown in parenthesis. Useful information: 1 ft = 12 in; 1 in = 2.54 cm A) Aluminum (2.70 g/cm3) B) Copper (8.95 g/cm3) C) Gold (19.3 g/cm3) D) Zinc (7.15 g/cm3)

Answer A metal sample is hammered into a rectangular sheet with an area of 31.2 ft2 and an average thickness of 2.30 × 10−6 cm. If the mass of this sample is 0.4767 g, predict the identity of the metal. The density of the metal is shown in parenthesis. Useful information: 1 ft = 12 in; 1 in = 2.54 cm A) Aluminum (2.70 g/cm3) B) Copper (8.95 g/cm3) C) Gold (19.3 g/cm3) D) Zinc (7.15 g/cm3)

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations A metal sample is hammered into a rectangular sheet with an area of 31.2 ft2 and an average thickness of 2.30 × 10−6 cm. If the mass of this sample is 0.4767 g, predict the identity of the metal. The density of the metal is shown in parenthesis. Useful information: 1 ft = 12 in; 1 in = 2.54 cm __________________________ = ? cm ft2 in2 ft2 cm2 in2 cm3

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations A metal sample is hammered into a rectangular sheet with an area of 31.2 ft2 and an average thickness of 2.30 × 10−6 cm. If the mass of this sample is 0.4767 g, predict the identity of the metal. The density of the metal is shown in parenthesis. Useful information: 1 ft = 12 in; 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 12 x 12 31.2 2.54 x 2.54 __________________________ = 2.30 × 10−6 0.066667222 cm3 6.67 x 10-2 cm3 cm ft2 in2 ft2 cm2 in2 cm3 0.4767 g/6.67 x 10-2 cm3 = 7.15 g/cm3

Densities of Various Common Substances*

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L] Mass = Density x Volume How many grams of air are there in PS 221? The room has dimensions of ~ 3.5 m x 11 m x 10. m. Dair = 1.22 x 10-3 g/cm3 (1.22 g/L) 1m3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm; 1000 cm3 = 1 L; 1 mL = 1 cm3 1.22 x 103 g 385,000,000 g 3.85 x 10 6 g 47,000,000 g 4.70 x 10 8 g

Density Density = Mass / Volume [g/mL or g/cm3; g/L] Mass = Density x Volume How many grams of air are there in PS 221? The room has dimensions of ~ 3.5 m x 11 m x 10. m. Dair = 1.22 x 10-3 g/cm3 (1.22 g/L) 1m3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm; 1000 cm3 = 1 L; 1 mL = 1 cm3 1.22 x 103 g 385,000,000 g 3.85 x 10 6 g 47,000,000 g 4.70 x 10 8 g

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations How many grams of air are there in PS 221? The room has dimensions of ~ 3.50 m x 11.0 m x 10.0 m. = ? m3 Dair = 1.22 x 10-3 g/cm3 (1.22 g/L) 1m3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm; 1000 cm3 = 1 L; 1 mL = 1 cm3 385 m3 385 1.22 1 ___________________ = ? m3 cm3 m3 g cm3 g

Dimensional Analysis Conversion/Unit Factor Calculations How many grams of air are there in PS 221? The room has dimensions of ~ 3.50 m x 11.0 m x 10.0 m. = ? m3 Dair = 1.22 x 10-3 g/cm3 (1.22 g/L) 1m3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm; 1000 cm3 = 1 L; 1 mL = 1 cm3 385 m3 1 1 x 106 385 1.22 ___________________ = 470. x 10 6 g 4.70 x 10 8 g m3 cm3 m3 g cm3 g