By: Hadia Hussani & Cayley Minty Caffeine By: Hadia Hussani & Cayley Minty

What is Caffeine? Caffeine is a plant product Commonly found in coffee beans, tea, soft drinks, cocoa, and chocolate. Can also be found in some prescribed and non-prescribed drugs (Including cold, allergy, and or pain relievers)

How Caffeine Effects the Body Did you know that caffeine is recognized as an addictive substance by the World Health Organization. (W.H.O.) Caffeine acts as a stimulant the effects can begin as early as 15minutes after ingesting and can last up to six hours. By consuming a moderate doses it can help people feel fell more alert and less sleepy, and not feel any negative side effects

Side Effects Consuming large amounts of caffeine (1000 mg or about the 6-oz cups, of coffee a day) an a regular basis maybe linked to conception problems increased episodes of heartburns, and changes in bowel habits Leads to sleep deprivation and a tendency to disregard the normal warning signals that the body is tired and needs rest Caffeine may increase heart rate, body temp, blood pressure, blood sugar level, stomach acid secretion, and product of urine (diuretic) Some people may experience dizziness, hypoglycemia, fruit-like breath odor, troubled breathing, muscle tremors, nausea, diarrhea, increased urine, drowsiness, thirst, anxiety, confusion, irritability, insomnia, changes in appetite, dry mouth, blurred vision, and cold seats

Synthesized There are 3 methods of synthesizing caffeine. Method 1 consists of dissolving 6.4g of Uracil in an aqueous solution of 80 mL or 1.5 M potassium hydroxide. Then, you would slowly add 16.4g of methyl iodide into 80mL or ethanol. After letting the solution sit for 4 hours, the product would be extracted with 100mL of toluene. A 10% yield would then be recovered from the solution, and the compound would therefore be purified by sublimation. Method 2 is the same as method 1, except in place of the potassium hydroxide, ethanoic potassium hydroxide would be added. This would conclude to a 20% yield. Method 3 uses 6.0g of uracil in 300mL stirred overnight at room temperature. 4 x 5.1g of sodium hydride would then be carefully added, and 5 x 37.6g of methyl iodide is added in over 10 minutes. The mixture is stirred, and water is added to dilute the mixture  The product was then extracted with methylene chloride and washed with saturated bicarbonate solution until neutral.

Properties Caffeine usually acts as a methyl xanthine alkaloid as well as a central nervous system stimulant. It’s naturally occurring in some beverages and used for some medical treatments. It is found in some seeds, leaves, as well as nuts located in the Southern part of America as well as Eastern Asia.

Uses in Society Whether it is a streaming mug of morning joe or an afternoon pick me up soda, the world is addicted to caffeinated comforts 90% of North American adults consume some form of caffeine on a daily basis Also the world most widely used drug

Caffeine history Found in over 60 known plants In its natural environment acts as a organic pesticide. Protecting vegetation from insects with parasitic tendencies When consumed by human, stimulant operates on central nervous system producing energy effect that ward off lethargy, and promotes mental acuity

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