Chapter 4 Circuit-Switching Networks

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Circuit-Switching Networks Multiplexing

North American Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy 1 24 4 7 6 . Mux DS1 signal, 1.544Mbps DS2 signal, 6.312Mbps DS3 signal, 44.736Mpbs DS4 signal 274.176Mbps 24 DS0 4 DS1 7 DS2 6 DS3 * DS: Digital Signal DS0, 64 Kbps channel DS1, 1.544 Mbps channel DS2, 6.312 Mbps channel DS3, 44.736 Mbps channel DS4, 274.176 Mbps channel

CCITT Digital Hierarchy : European 1 30 4 . Mux 2.048 Mbps 8.448 Mbps 34.368 Mpbs 139.264 Mbps 64 Kbps E1, 2.048 Mbps channel E2, 8.448 Mbps channel E3, 34.368 Mbps channel E4, 139.264 Mbps channel

SONET: Overview Synchronous Optical NETwork North American TDM physical layer standard for optical fiber communications 8000 frames/sec. (Tframe = 125 sec) compatible with North American digital hierarchy Greatly simplifies multiplexing in network backbone Protection & restoration

SONET Specifications Defines electrical & optical signal interfaces Multiplexing, Regeneration performed in electrical domain STS – Synchronous Transport Signals Optical Transmission carried out in optical domain Optical transmitter & receiver OC – Optical Carrier

SONET Electrical Signal SONET & SDH Hierarchy SONET Electrical Signal Optical Signal Bit Rate (Mbps) STS-1 OC-1 51.84 STS-3 OC-3 155.52 STS-9 OC-9 466.56 STS-12 OC-12 622.08 STS-18 OC-18 933.12 STS-24 OC-24 1244.16 STS-36 OC-36 1866.24 STS-48 OC-48 2488.32 STS-192 OC-192 9953.28 STS: Synchronous Transport Signal OC: Optical Channel