New frontiers: south and west part I

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Presentation transcript:

New frontiers: south and west part I The New South

GEORGIAN HENRY GRADY ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND MORE DIVERSE FARMING IN SOUTH

ECONOMIC GROWTH Textile mills flourished (cotton) Lumber – southern pine

Coal – iron ore Liquor Clay – bricks, glass, stone Fertilizer

AGRICULTURE SHARECROPPING TENANT FARMING CROP LIEN SYSTEM OWNED NOTHING, WORKED FOR SUPPLIES AND HALF THE CROP TENANT FARMING KEPT ¾ CASH CROPS & 2/3 SUBSISTENCE CROPS CROP LIEN SYSTEM MERCHANTS GAVE SUPPLIES IN RETURN FOR MORTAGAGES OF FARMERS’ CROPS (ENDLESS CYCLE OF DEBT)

1877 political cartoon by Thomas Nast depicting Democratic control of the South

BLACKS DISENFRANCHISED BOURBON REDEEMERS HAVE POLITICAL POWER AFTER RADICAL REPUBLICANS BY 1877 GROW INCREASINGLY INTOLERANT OF BLACK INFLUENCE IN POLITICS/SOCIETY POPULIST PARTY EMERGES-FARMERS NEW VOTING REQUIREMENTS RESIDENCE (2 YEARS IN STATE, 1 IN ELECTION DISTRICT) ANY CRIME-DISQUALIFIED (EVEN PETTY CRIMES) POLL TAX PAID ON TIME LITERACY TEST (50% BLACKS, 12% WHITES ILLITERATE…UNDERSTANDING LOOPHOLE FOR LATTER) LOUISIANA “GRANDFATHER CLAUSE” (1867)

Bourbon redeemers Sought to rid the South of the coalition of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and freedmen Heavily influenced post-Reconstruction South

IDA B. WELLS BARNETT -Founded NAACP -Yellow fever killed parents; raised 6 siblings -3 friends lynched by white mob 1892; became writer/editor Memphis Free Speech newspaper, focused on black issues -Promoted full equality blacks & women

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON CABIN WHERE WASHINGTON WAS BORN A SLAVE IN VIRGINIA -“Cast Down Your Bucket Where You Are” (Atlanta Compromise Speech) --Find a way to provide for family before fighting segregation --Practical approach…

Response to Washington: we cannot “surrender the leadership of this race to cowards” W.E.B. DUBOIS -HOME OF DUBOIS IN NYC -Harvard Graduate, doctorate in history -Full Equality for blacks NOW “ceaseless agitation”