What was the driving force? Father involved in philosophy Learned there were different ways to look at any one situation. Mother’s illness with ALS Became interested in Nursing as a profession 2 key realizations Disease/illness does not define a person Time, movement and space interrelated with health and quality of relationships. Professor Marie Buckley Encouraged independent Nursing Practice Professor Dorothy Hocker Power of Nursing Presence Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings Enhanced ability to see whole

Stage of Knowledge Development Doctoral at NYU with Martha Rogers Study movement, time and space as parameters of health; positivist scientific paradigm. Theoretical insights evolved as she continued to learn Martha Rogers ‘ work. Health and illness are manifestations of a greater whole Person, family and environment are interconnected as a unitary whole. 1978 Toward a Theory of Health - presentation at Nursing Theory Conference In New York City. 1984 Nurse Theorist at University of Minnesota. Pattern Recognition Nursing Process - Collaboration with Richard Cowling, Case Western, and Jim Vail, Army Nurse Corps. Published 2 editions of “Health as Expanding Consciousness” Published “Transforming Presence: The Difference that Nursing Makes”; “Giving Voice to What we Know: Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness in Nursing Practice, Research and Education”.

Health Movement 1970 Women’s Health Movement Beginning of a power shift in women’s health Women wanted control of their own bodies 1980 Community Mental Health Movement Started in 1900’s Aimed at improving government mental health services Insanity Defense People with mental problems could stay in their norml communities with little hospitalizations

Economic/Political Influences on Health Government concerned with rising costs of healthcare because of Medicare and Medicaid Proposal for a health cost strategy to slow inflation rates were first made in 1970. Expand health maintenance organization (HMO’s) Regulate hospital physician fees with federal controls if a state failed to act; Higher cost sharing in private insurance 1974 American Congressional Registration, National Health Planning and resources development Act No equal access to affordable healthcare Use of Federal Funds in the healthcare system added to increase in inflation rates No uniform methods of healthcare Unequal distribution of healthcare facilities Lack of basic knowledge regarding personal healthcare Years later found health planning was ineffective at constraining how much money was spent leading to rise in health costs.

References Smith, M. E. (2010). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, Third Edition. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. Young, C. K. (n.d.). https://www.ed2go.com/Classroom/Lessons.aspx. Retrieved June 23, 2011, from https://www.ed2go.com/: https://www.ed2go.com/Classroom/Lessons.aspx?lesson=1&chpt=4&classroom=Wzwx8cQvx4OuZnoUSU66w%2FJc6LIMTq74GsDI%2FyHd5aY%3D