Changing the State of Matter

Science court: Particles in Motion

Guidelines for Changes of State Foldable

Outside with flaps closed SOLID Picture of a solid + HEAT Source of heat LIQUID Picture of a liquid - HEAT Source of “cold” GAS Picture of a gas Highlight these words! Color these things!

Inside with flaps open

Changing the State of Matter Heat/Energy is Added Heat/Energy is Removed

Independent Properties of Matter 6.P.2.1 Recognize that all matter is made up of atoms and atoms of the same element are all alike, but are different from the atoms of other elements. 6.P.2.2 Explain the effect of heat on the motion of atoms through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase. 6.P.2.3 Compare the physical properties of pure substances that are independent of the amount of matter present including density, boiling point, melting point and solubility to properties that are dependent on the amount of matter present to include volume, mass and weight.

Changing the State of Matter TO CHANGE THE STATE OF MATTER HEAT HAS TO BE ADDED OR REMOVED !!!!!!!!!!!!! When heat is added, molecules in a substance will vibrate or move faster and move farther apart. This will change a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas When heat is removed, molecules in a substance will vibrate slower and move closer together. This will change a gas to a liquid, or a liquid into a solid. Sublimation occurs when enough heat is added quickly enough to change a solid directly into a gas.

Independent Physical Properties Some Physical Properties of matter NEVER change REGARDLESS of the AMOUNT of matter. These include: Melting Point, Boiling Point, Freezing Point, and Density Solubility

All Pure Substances (Elements) have a specific freezing, melting, and boiling point Substances (like water) also have a specific freezing, melting, and boiling point It doesn’t matter how much of the substance there is the specific temperature does not change But, if there is less amount of the matter, the temperature will just be reached faster.

Phase Change Points: Freezing Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. Examples of freezing points Water = 0 degrees Celsius Mercury = -37 degrees Celsius Nitrogen = -209 degrees Celsius

Phase Change Points: Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVTZySPJh5w Examples of Melting Points: Water = 1 degrees Celsius Mercury = -38 degrees Celsius Aluminum = 660 degrees Celsius

Phase Change Points: Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (heat of vaporization). Examples of Boiling Points: Water = 100 degrees Celsius Mercury = 356 degrees Celsius Gold = 2,700 degrees Celsius

Density = mass divided by volume <<<Click “Density” for vid. How tightly packed matter is in a certain amount of space. Or how heavy something is for its size Density is a Physical Property that DOES NOT CHANGE regardless of how much matter there is!! Density = mass divided by volume Mass Use Scales or Triple Beam Balance Units are grams D = M V Volume Use a formula (V=l*w*h) or Water Displacement Method Units are liters or cm3

Objects with more density than the liquid it is in will sink. Objects made of the same material always have the same density!!!!! Ex: 60 g of gold has the same density as 600 g of gold. <<<Click below or “Density” for vid. Objects with more density than the liquid it is in will sink. Objects with less density than the liquid it is in will float.

Click above or the smilies for vid. >>>>>>

5 facts about Density Click above or the cubes for vid. >>>>>>

Solubility the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance when mixed. Solubility is a property that WILL NEVER change regardless of the amount of matter there is!!!!!!!!!! Click for vid. <<<<<<

Solute Any substance that is being dissolved in a substance to create a solution (mixture). Ex. Sugar, salt Remember this: The ‘Lute’ goes in the ‘vent’ SOLUTE

Solvent a substance that is capable 0f dissolving a solute, usually a liquid.– water is the most common solvent. SOLVENT

Solute Goes In the Solvent Saturation Rate – the point when no more solute will dissolve in a solvent. Solute Goes In the Solvent

The Opposite: Insoluble When a substance (solute) will not dissolve in a solvent.