Electron Location Part II

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Location Part II

Quantum Numbers Principal quantum number (n) - describes the SIZE of the orbital or ENERGY LEVEL of the atom. Angular quantum number (l) or sublevels - describes the SHAPE of the orbital. Magnetic quantum number (m) - describes an orbital's ORIENTATION in space. Spin quantum number (s) - describes the SPIN or direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) in which an electron spins.

Principle Quantum Number (n) or Energy Level integer values used to specify the shell/size/level the electron is in describes how far away from the nucleus the electron shell or level under consideration is the lower the number, the closer the energy level is to the atom's nucleus and less energy maximum # of electrons that can fit in an energy level is given by formula 2n2

Angular Quantum Number (l) or Sub-level determines the shape of the orbital they are numbered but are also given letters referring to the orbital type l=0 refers to the s-orbitals l=1 refers to the p-orbitals l=2 refers to the d-orbitals l=3 refers to the f-orbitals

Magnetic quantum number (m) or Orbitals the third of a set of quantum numbers tells us how many orbitals there are of a particular type and their orientation in space of a particular orbital only two electrons can fit in an orbital = electron

S – orbitals only holds two electrons

P – orbitals holds up to six electrons

P - orbitals http://www.ul.ie/~walshem/fyp/porbital.gif

D – orbitals holds up to 10 electrons

F – orbitals holds up to 14 electrons

http://www.shsu.edu/~chm_tgc/BbAIF/PDBs/applet/PDBorbitals.html

Spin quantum number (s) the fourth of a set of quantum numbers number specifying the direction of the spin of an electron around its own axis. only two electrons of opposite spin may occupy an orbit the only possible values of a spin quantum number are +1/2 or -1/2.

Principle Quantum # (n) LEVEL/SIZE 1 2 3 4 Angular Quantum # (l) ORBITAL SHAPE or SUBLEVEL s s p s p d s p d f Magnetic Quantum # (m) AXIS/ ORIENTATION or ORBITALS 1 orbital 1 3 4 total orbitals 1 3 5 9 total orbitals 1 3 5 7 16 total orbitals Spin Quantum # (s) DIRECTION OF ELECTRON SPIN 2 e- 8 e- 18 e- 32 e-

Principle energy level (n) Type of sublevel Table 3-6b Orbitals and Electron Capacity of the First Four Principle Energy Levels Principle energy level (n) Type of sublevel Number of orbitals per type Number of orbitals per level(n2) Maximum number of electrons (2n2) 1 s 2 4 8 p 3 9 18 d 5 16 32 f 7

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