Ministry of land reclamation and water resources, Republic of Tajikistan SUE «Tochikobloikhakashi» Safety of hydraulic engineering installations under global climate change conditions Pilot Program for Climate Resilience - Tajikistan Director - Akbar Ozorovich Nabiev Dushanbe, 6-7 March 2012 1

Ladies and gentlemen, This presentation will give you a brief description of the possible consequences of the effects of climate change on the condition of various hydraulic engineering installations in the Republic of Tajikistan and their reliability and safety in operation, as well as the practical steps being taken to ensure their soundness, maintenance and operation at present and in the long term.

Types, numbers and extent of the principal HEI The following assets appear in the books of the RT Ministry of land reclamation and water resources: Hydraulic engineering installations– 7427; Pumping stations – 483; Drainage systems – 2400 km; Waste disposal systems– 450 km; Open irrigation systems– 8174 km; Piped irrigation systems – 1000 km; Irrigation tunnels – 26.6 km; Irrigation boreholes – 3040.

Condition of HEI Commissioned mainly in the 1940s; Having exceeded their standard working life in most cases; Substantial levels of wear (over 60% on average) and obsolescence; An increasing number of cases of failure and breakdown, impairing their efficiency; Most of the HEI are due for complete rehabilitation with appropriate modernisation.

Principal factors affecting the safety of hydraulic engineering installations Wear and ageing, reduced mechanical properties; Lack of skilled specialists; Lack or low level of servicing and maintenance; Insufficient preventive and repair and rehabilitation work; A low level of targeted funding for their preservation or rehabilitation employing innovative technologies and safe management; Individual faults in design, construction, operation and management; Lack of republic and regional scientific and industrial bodies for monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and changes in natural and climatic conditions, including the developing process of global warming.

Principal causes of HEI failure due to increased flow Inability of HEI to let through above-normal water flows; Failures in emergency releases at HEI; Lack of work to ensure normal sedimentation conditions in reservoirs, including emergency removal of sediment prior to flooding; Silting-up of irrigation channels and drainage systems; The critical condition of levees and faults in their design.

Priority measures for maintaining the efficiency of existing HEI having regard to climate change under present conditions and in the longer term Systematic monitoring of the condition of hydraulic engineering installations; Assessment of operating efficiency and quantitative determination of basic reliability parameters; Identification of the most vulnerable HEI units and installations requiring repair or rebuilding; Full and high-grade maintenance and restoration work on HEI; Instruction of operating personnel and training of skilled specialists in the management and running of HEI; Regular inspection and care.

Conditions ensuring HEI safety taking account of climate change Forecasting of seasonal floods, mud flows, rainstorms and other natural catastrophes, including those due to climate change; Planning sufficient throughput capacity for HEI and choosing optimum routines for drawdown during major floods and spates, ensuring the necessary level of hydrological security; Taking account during planning of all reliability and climatic effect factors; Complying with technical and technological parameters in construction; Complying with design and technological parameters in HEI operation; Improving the quality of the management system for existing HEI taking climate change into account. 8

Thank you for your attention.