EE595 Capstone Design Team #1 Kahnec De La Torre – Lead Report Manager BSEE – Programming and Wireless Networking Mike Haynes – Lead Manufacturing Manager BSEE – VHDL Bounnong Khamphoumy – Lead Project Integrator BSEE – Electronics Jason Knedlhans – Lead System Designer BSEE – Audio Joseph Spitz – Lead Presentation Manager BSEE – Cacophonic Electronics

Resource Comparison Time Resources Monetary Resources 780 Resource Hours 12 hrs/week Initial Estimates 845 Resource Hours Mid-Semester Estimate 8.33% increase Monetary Resources $250 $50 per team member $228 9.65% decrease

Selected Project A musical instrument New variation on synthesizer Mounted like a keyboard or upright like a cello Enables user to produce varied sounds Digital Effects including echo, auto-wah, and distortion Analog overdrive effects Continuously variable frequency selector Requires both hands to play

The i1 Volume Continuous Frequency Selector DSP Status Analog And Digital Control Analog Effects & DSP Effects Toggles

The i1 Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State Serial 16 bit Digital Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects DSP Processor Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Standard Requirements Market Economic Total Market Size: $200,000 Estimated Annual Volume: 100 Minimum List Price: $2,000 Maximum Product Material Cost: $250 Maximum Production Cost: $200 Marketing Market Geography: Global Market Demography: Musicians – Age 13 and up Competitors: Roland, Yamaha, Tascam

Standard Requirements Storage Duration: 1 Year Environment Operating Temperature Range Humidity Range 0 to 40 OC 0 to 100 % Storage -10 to 70 OC Storage Duration: 1 Year

Electrical & Life Cycle Standard Requirements Electrical & Life Cycle Power Input Max Power 102 to 253 VAC 150 W Output Final 20 Hz to 20 kHz Life Cycle Product Lifetime Warranty Period Service Strategy 10 years 90 days Factory Repair

Standard Requirements Mechanical Maximum Dimensions: 30.5 x 10.2 x 76.2 cm Maximum Product Mass: 5 kg Maximum Number of PCBs: 2 Maximum PCB Area: 465 cm2

Performance Requirements User Inputs Frequency Selector Continuously variable selection Frequency range of 1.5 octave per selector Distance between chromatic notes between 2 and 5 cm Multiple Tap Selectors Selectable effects processing Patch synthesized audio through effect or bypass Analog Potentiometers To control output amplitude To set amplitude attack To set amplitude decay

User Indicators & Displays Performance Requirements User Indicators & Displays Displays DSP effect state indicator – three digits Level of effect applied LED Indicators System on/off state Analog effect state

Electrical Output Interface Performance Requirements Electrical Output Interface ¼ inch Jack 1000 Ohm impedance Less than 2 volt output magnitude Less than 1% THD 20 to 20kHz frequency range

Performance Requirements Any Combination of Analog and Digital Effects Modes of Operation Any Combination of Analog and Digital Effects Digital Effects On/off Effect Echo Distortion Auto-Wah Effect intensity Effect parameter Analog Effect On/off Adjustable overdrive intensity

Safety Requirements & Standards Maximum surface temperature is less than 40oC Low potential on exposed surfaces < .01 μV Standards UL 469 Musical Instruments and Accessories UL 1310 Class 2 power units UL 1998 Software in Programmable Components UL 486 Wire Connectors

EMC Standards Standard Description Block # EN61001–3–3 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker in Low-Voltage Supplies < 16 A 5 IEC61000–4–4 Electrical Fast Transient & Burst IEC61000–4–5 Power Input Surge Immunity IEC61000–4–8 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity IEC61000–4–11 Voltage Dip, Short Dropout & Variation Immunity 61000-4-2 EMC Part 4, Section 2 ESD immunity tests 1, 2, 3, 4 61000-4-7 EMC Part 4, Section 7 General guide on harmonics measurement and instrumentation 2, 3, 4

Analog Effects & Preamp Kahnec De La Torre

The Instrument Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State 16 bit Digital Audio 16 bit Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects Processor Including ADC & Memory Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Functional Description Analog Effects & Preamp Functional Description Analog Effects Provides additional sound effects through analog circuit Operates over 3 decade range (20 to 20kHz) Preamp Volume is controlled at the user interface

Analog Effects & Preamp Block Diagram Audio Effect in From Signal Router Analog Control Attenuator Vacuum Tube preamp Attenuator Analog Signal to Signal Router Preamp in from Signal Router Preamp Passive Noise Filter Volume Control

Preamp Volume Control

Analog Effects Circuit

Analog Effects & Preamp Standard Requirements Block Requirements Standard Requirements Min. Operating Temperature Range 0 to 40 ºC Min. Operating Humidity Range 0 to 100 % RH Min. Storage Temperature Range (-10) to 70 ºC Min. Storage Humidity Range Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 1 Load Current Max 0.15A 5.67 to 6.93 VAC <0.1V Ripple Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 2 0.5mA 114 to 126 VDC <0.25V Ripple Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 3 0.5A 4.75 to 5.25 VDC <0.1V Ripple Max. Power Consumption 5 W

Block Requirements Cont. Analog Effects & Preamp Block Requirements Cont. Standard Requirements Manufacturing Life 10 Years Mechanical Life 5 Years Safety UL 469 Musical Instruments and Accessories UL 486 Wire Connectors EMC 61000-4-2 EMC Part 4, Section 2 61000-4-7 EMC Part 4, Section 7

Block Requirements Cont. Analog Effects & Preamp Block Requirements Cont. Performance Requirements Analog Effects: Controlled by Voltage - 2V to + 2V Signal to Noise Ratio 95 dB Output to Signal Routing Block Analog Effect Multiple 2nd order harmonics Input Impedance 10 k Ohm Output Impedance 1 k Ohm

Block Requirements Cont. Analog Effects & Preamp Block Requirements Cont. Performance Requirements Preamp: Output Connector ¼ inch phono jack Output voltage – - 2V to +2V Total Harmonic Distortion < 0.02 % (20 to 20kHz) Signal to Noise Ratio 95 dB Output Frequency Range 20 Hz to 20 kHz Input Impedance 10 kΩ Output Impedance 1 kΩ Volume Control (Gain Range) Unity to -35 dB Including Mute

Analog Effects & Preamp Block Signal Table

Manufacturing and Testing Considerations Analog Effects & Preamp Manufacturing and Testing Considerations The 12AX7 Vacuum Tube Consider buying pre-tested tubes. Or must test tubes prior to assembly.

Analog Effects & Preamp DFM Plan Common Mandatory Tasks DC Gain vs Component Variations Gain vs Freq vs Comp. Var Phase vs Freq vs Comp Var Input Z Output Noise And/Or Ripple Pulse Response & Delay DC Gain vs Comp. Small Signal Transistor Amp Max Offset V DC Gain vs Comp. Variations Slew- rate Power BW Open Loop Gain Margin Open Loop Phase Margin Semicond Power & Junct Temps Semicond Package & Heatsink Rate Semicond Power & Junct Temps Passive Filter V or I Xfer Func O. L. Gain Margin Pole Zero Locations or Fosc Passive Filter V or I Transfer Function Mandatory Tasks Recommended Tasks

Passive Component Specifications Analog Effects & Preamp Passive Component Specifications Component Nominal Value or Max Value Adjustment Range, %/Turn Tolerance Around Nominal Derated Power Capacity Max Working Voltage Composition Dielectric or Form Q Factor or Frequency Variation Pkg Resistor 2k Ohm 1% ¼ W    Carbon Film  Axial Potentiometer 2M Ohm 9% 5% Carbon Film  Axial Fixed/Bypass Capacitor 5u,10n Farad 5V  Electrolytic ?  Axial  Mandatory Tasks Recommended Tasks

Passive Components Specs. Cont. Analog Effects & Preamp Passive Components Specs. Cont. Component Nominal Value or Max Value Adjustment Range, %/Turn Tolerance Around Nominal Derated Power Capacity Max V Composition Dielectric or Form Q Factor or Frequency Variation Pkg Resistor 2k, 10k, 100k, 47k Ohm 1% ¼ W    Carbon Film  Axial Potentiometer 1M Ohm 9% 5% Carbon Film  Axial Fixed/Bypass Capacitor 0.1u, 10u, 100u Farad 5V  Electrolytic ?  Axial  Mandatory Tasks Recommended Tasks

Analog Effects & Preamp PCB Layout Pot Pot 12AX7 Vacuum Tube LM833 op amps 528 cm2

Analog Effects & Preamp Prototype Plan Block Name Block Area (cm2) Total PCB Area (cm2) PCB Substrate Type Component Attachment Socketed Components Types of Connectors Analog Effects & Preamp 282 SiO2 Wire Wrap Vacuum Tube Op Amps ¼ inch Phone Jack

Block Task/Resources Estimate Analog Effects & Preamp Block Task/Resources Estimate Resource hours to be invested after 10/11/2005 122 hours Monetary Investment $30

Digital Effects Jason Knedlhans

The i1 Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State 16 bit Digital Audio 16 bit Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects DSP Processor Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Functional Description Digital Effects Functional Description Allows user to add digital audio effects to the original audio signals created by oscillators Converts analog audio signal to a digital signal Applies digital effects Distortion Echo Auto Wah Audio is then converted to an analog signal for final output stage.

Digital Effects Block Description DSP Processor Analog Input ± 5V Antialiasing Filter DSP Processor ADC Digital Controls ADC ADC DAC Serial Analog Output Serial DSP State ± 5V Audio Filter Memory

Standard Requirements Digital Effects Block Requirements Standard Requirements Min. Operating Temperature Range 0 – 40 ºC Min. Operating Humidity Range 0 – 100 % N.C. Min. Storage Temperature Range -10 – 70 ºC Min. Storage Humidity Range Min. Source 1 Voltage Range Min, Source 1 Current Draw 4 – 5.25 VDC 500 mA Min. Source 2 Voltage Range Min. Source 2 Current Draw -5.25 – -4.75 VDC Max. Power Consumption 1 W

Block Requirements Cont. Digital Effects Block Requirements Cont. Standard Requirements Max. Parts and Material Costs $50 Max. Manufacturing Costs $20 Max. PCB Area 232 cm2 Max. Block Area Max. User Interface Voltage .01 μV Block Lifetime 10 years Service Strategy Factory Repair

Block Requirements Cont. Digital Effects Block Requirements Cont. Performance Requirements Input & Output Audio Frequency Range 20 Hz to 20 kHz Input & Output Voltage Range +/- 2 V Minimum Throughput 50 ms Minimum Sampling Rate 44.1 kHz Max. Input Impedance 20 kW Max. Output Impedance 1 kW Minimum THD @ 1kHz 0.1 % Minimum SNR 90 dB

Block Requirements Cont. Digital Effects Block Requirements Cont. Performance Requirements Processor Requirements Digital Word Length 16 bits Minimum Instructions Per Second 1 MIPS Direct bit Input Yes Multiply Function Preferred Serial Interfaces SPI, DCI, I2C, Standard 4 Wire

Applicable Worst Case Analysis Plan (See DFM Analysis Guide) Digital Effects Analog DFM Plan Sub Circuit Type Applicable Worst Case Analysis Plan (See DFM Analysis Guide) Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Task 8 Task 9 Task 10 Input Signal Conditioning Audio ADC R, L & C Tol RLC Specs Gain vs Freq Gain Bandwidth Slewrate BW Step Response Input Z Output Z DC Offset Voltage Total Noise Volume Control Max Offset Voltage Senicond Package & Heatsink Pulse Response & Delay Over Current Protect Parameter Control Audio DAC Max Offset Error Max Gain Error Max DNL Error Max INL Worst Case Total Error Bits, Volts Sample/Hold Required? Conversion Speed Effect Select TP Hysteresis Ripple Display Controller Output Current Available Over Current Protection V & I Regulation Required

Analog DFM – Discrete Components Digital Effects Analog DFM – Discrete Components

Digital DFM – DC Drive Analysis Table DC Drive Device Parameters Digital Effects Digital DFM – DC Drive Analysis Table Digital Device Output Type Input Type Tech Type DC Drive Device Parameters Vil max Vih min Iil (-) Max Iih Vol Voh Iol Ioh (-) Min Vhyst Checked DSP I2C Output Serial BiMOS 0.2VDD 0.6VDD -1 mA 1 mA 0.6 VDD – 0.7 25 mA -25 mA 0.05VDD DSP SPI Output DAC & ADC Analog CMOS 0.7VDD -2 mA 2 mA 0.01 V VDD Display Controller 0.8V 2.1V N/A 4.4 mA

Digital DFM – Timing Analysis Table Digital Effects Digital DFM – Timing Analysis Table Digital Signal Output Type Input Type Timing Parameters Other Tsu Setup Th Hold Margin F max Tpulse Min Checked DSP Master (SPI) Serial 20 ns 10 ns 30 MHz 5 MHz 50 ns ADC Slave 15 ns 20 MHz 7 MHz DAC Signal 0 ns 100 ns (I2C) 0.9 ms 1 MHz -10 Hz +10 Hz Display Controller 15-900 ns 400 kHz -5 Hz +5 Hz

Digital Effects Block Signal Table

Low-Frequency Oscillator Michael Haynes

The i1 Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State 16 bit Digital Audio 16 bit Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects Processor Including ADC & Memory Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Functional Description Low Frequency Oscillator Functional Description Receives a DC input and outputs an AC voltage By using a Voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO), the DC input can control the output frequency An analog comparison system is used to ensure that no transients are heard after releasing pressure on the main interface

Low Frequency Oscillator Standard Requirements Block Requirements Standard Requirements MECHANICAL Max. number of printed circuit boards 1 Max. total PCB area 465 cm2 Percentage of final product PCB area 25% Max. shock force 20 G’s ENVIRONMENTAL Min. Operating Temperature Range 0 – 40 ºC Min. Operating Humidity Range 0 – 100 % N.C. Min. Storage Temperature Range -5 to 65 ºC Min. Storage Humidity Range Min. operating altitude range: 0.5-1.5 atm. Min. storage altitude range: Max. storage duration: 1 yr.

Block Requirements Cont. Low Frequency Oscillator Block Requirements Cont. Standard Requirements cont. MANUFACTURING Max. number of parts 40 Max. parts and material cost $30 Max. assembly and test cost $20 Percentage of total product cost 10% LIFE CYLE Estimated maximum production lifetime 10 yrs. Full warranty period 3 mon. EMC STANDARDS 61000-4-7 EMC Part 4, Section 7-General guide on harmonics measurement and instrumentation 61000-4-2 EMC Part 4, Section 2- ESD immunity tests

Block Requirements Cont. Low Frequency Oscillator Block Requirements Cont. Performance Requirements POWER INPUTS Input Power Voltages +/- 5 VDC Power Input Tolerances +/- 0.1 V Max. Power Consumption 5 W ELECTRICAL INTERFACES Analog Input Voltage Range 1.0 – 2.5 VDC Analog Input Frequency Range 0 – 10 Hz Analog Output Voltage Range -1 to 1 VAC Analog Output Frequency Range 20 Hz – 20 kHz Output minimum SNR 50 dB Max. THD 5% Min. Input Impedance 100Ω Max. Output Impedance 10kΩ

Low Frequency Oscillator Signal Table Analog

Low Frequency Oscillator Block Diagram Voltage-Controlled Oscillator VCO 1.0-2.5 VDC Solid State Relay -1 to 1 VAC 0.5 VDC Comparator Analog Comparison System

Complete Block Diagram Low Frequency Oscillator Complete Block Diagram

Low Frequency Oscillator Analog DFM Plan

Passive Components Specifications Low Frequency Oscillator Passive Components Specifications

Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router Joseph Spitz

The i1 Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State 16 bit Digital Audio 16 bit Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects Processor Including ADC & Memory Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Functional Description Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router Functional Description Allows user to play note Sums audio signals from the oscillator block into one signal Controls the attack of the notes played Sends signals to the effects blocks

Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router Block Signal Tables

Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router Block Diagram Tuning Actuation by User Voltage Scaling Position Sensor DC Signal DC 1 to 10 V To LFO Effect Select/Bypass Input Attack Input Audio Signal 4 V Amplitude 100 to 10KHz Bus Of Audio Signals 4 V amplitude 100 to 10KHz Audio Signal Routing Summing Amplifier To Preamp To Analog Distortion To DSP Effects

Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router DFM Plan Discrete Resistors Nominal Values %Tol Derated Power Capacity Composition Package Type Discrete Capacitors Derated Power Capacity Max Working Voltage Dielectric Type Potentiometer (Position Sensor) Resistance Range Adjustment Range Small Signal IC Amp (Voltage Scaling and Sum Amp) Max Offset Voltage Gain Error – Component variation Gain Error – Frequency and Component Variation Phase Change – Frequency and Component Variation Slew Rate Power Band- width Pulse Response and Delay Input and output Z Noise Package Type Analog Switch (Signal Routing) Input Z Hysteresis

Power Supply Bounnong Khamphoumy

The i1 Analog Comparison System Frequency Selector Attack / Decay Control Summing Amp Low Freq Oscillator Signal Routing Digital Controls Analog Audio Analog Controls Analog Control DSP State 16 bit Digital Audio 16 bit Digital Control Analog Audio Output Analog Effects Processor Including ADC & Memory Power Supply Pre Amp Joe Mike Kahnec Filter DAC Jason Bounnong

Power Supply Description Purpose Function To provide each block with the voltage and current it needs. Function Interface between the product and the external power grid. Converts AC voltage into three separate, regulated DC voltages. Kept separate from the main PCB.

Power Supply Block Requirements

Block Requirements cont. Power Supply Block Requirements cont.

Block Requirements cont. Power Supply Block Requirements cont.

Block Requirements cont. Power Supply Block Requirements cont.

Signal Definition Table Power Supply Signal Definition Table

Power Supply Sub-Block Diagram Fuse XFormer Bridge Rectifier Filter 120 VAC Fuse XFormer Bridge Rectifier Filter Voltage Regulator +5 VDC XFormer Bridge Rectifier Filter Voltage Regulator -5 VDC Fuse XFormer 6.3 VAC 230 VAC Fuse XFormer Bridge Rectifier Filter Voltage Regulator 100 VDC

Initial Design Schematic Power Supply Initial Design Schematic Schematic for +5 and -5 V output.

Initial Design Schematic cont. Power Supply Initial Design Schematic cont. Schematic for producing 6.3 VAC.

Initial Design Schematic cont. Power Supply Initial Design Schematic cont. Schematic for producing 100 VDC.

Power Supply DFM Plan

Passive Component Specs. Power Supply Passive Component Specs.

i1 Appendix

High Level Gantt Chart