b. Two factions (opposing groups) emerged: Aim #18: What were the differences between the Federalists and Antifederalists? Ratification a. 9 out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution before it would go into effect. b. Two factions (opposing groups) emerged: 1. Federalists who supported the Constitution 2. Anti-Federalists who opposed to the Constitution 1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on: PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

(II) Anti-Federalists a. Led by Thomas Jefferson and included farmers and small landowners who believed nation’s future rested on agriculture. b. Arguments made by Anti-Federalists 1. The Constitutional Convention went beyond what they were charged to do. (illegal-Treason) 2. a strong national government would destroy states’ rights. 3. resembled a monarchy with its concentration of power 4. Did not have a Bill of Rights 1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on: PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

(III) Federalists a. Argued that the new nation needed an effective national government to handle the nation’s economy, establish its monetary system, promote justice, and protect individual liberty. b. Took name “Federalists” show link to “Federalism” Federalism: government power is distributed among the states, but the power of the central authority outweighs the authority of the states. Included Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison. Wrote a series of letters/essays called the Federalist papers in support of the new constitution. 1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on: PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

(IV) The Federalist Papers Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay under pen name Publius (Latin word for public). A series of letters published in newspapers Written for three reasons: To influence the vote in favor of ratification To explain the Constitution for future interpretation Outlined how the Constitution should be set up Included 85 letters published from October 1787 to April 1788 and later bound in book form. 1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on: PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights