Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Ratification Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Ratification 9 of 12 had to ratify the new Constitution Much opposition

Federalists Those who supported the new Constitution were called Federalists Easterners Wealthy Included Washington & Franklin Continental Army veterans

Anti-Federalists Those opposed known as Anti-Federalists Westerners Debtors and those who desired paper money States rights advocates Small farmers Many Revolutionary leaders Main complaint was the lack of a Bill of Rights George Mason

Ratification Virginia & New York had not ratified First to ratify was Delaware 9th ratifies in 1788 New Hampshire Virginia & New York had not ratified lack of these would render the new gov. useless Virginia ratifies 89-79 Madison vs. Patrick Henry in the House of Burgesses

Showdown in New York Decisive vote in New York Hamilton, Madison, & John Jay (Publius) author the Federalist Papers to support ratification 85 Essays in New York Papers in favor of ratification Seen as best source of the founders political beliefs

Major Papers Federalist #10 Federalist #51 Federalist #78 most important size will prevent the rise of factions (Madison) Federalist #51 explains Federalism & Checks & balances (Madison) Federalist #78 lays the groundwork for judicial review (Hamilton) Federalist #84 denies the need for a Bill of Rights (Hamilton)

The Response Anti-Federalists Papers- written in opposition to ratification George Clinton (Cato) Robert Yates (Brutus) the Federal Farmer (Mercy Otis Warren & Richard Henry Lee) Not as effective N.Y. ratified 30-27

A Conservative Revolution The new government maintained the existing power structure A revolution from the top of society Charles Beard (historian) Constitution written to protect the economic interests of the upper class

The Last Holdouts North Carolina & Rhode Island did not ratify until after the new government had taken power would not join w/o a Bill of Rights