8.3 – Women and Reform 8.4 – The Changing Workplace

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8.3 – Women and Reform 8.4 – The Changing Workplace (8.3) Women reformers expanded their efforts from movements such as abolition, temperance and women’s rights (8.4) A growing industrial work force faced problems arising from manufacturing

Abolition Sarah and Angelina Grimke From a South Carolinian slaveholding family An Appeal to Christian Women of the South – 1836

Temperance The attempt to ban the drinking of alcohol Impact of the Second Great Awakening American Temperance Society – 1826

Education Sarah Grimke Emma Willard Mary Lyon Letters on the equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman - 1838 Emma Willard The Troy Female Seminary - 1821 Mary Lyon Mount Holyoke Female Seminary - 1837

Women’s Rights Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott 1848 Declaration of Sentiments: “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men and women are created equal.”

Cottage industry Factory system Rural Produced in the home Families Spinning wheels Master / Journeyman / Apprentice New England Female workforce

Lowell Francis Cabot Lowell obtains investment through the Boston Manufacturing Co. Lowell Mills called for long work days (12-14 hours) / rigid social structure / poor working conditions Lowell Female Labor Reform Association pushes for the 10-hour work day

Immigration 1830-1860 Spike in Irish Immigration resulting from the potato famine Irish faced anti-Catholic sentiment Typically settled in major cities in the northeast: Boston, NYC, Philadelphia