Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Schematic representation of heat transfer mechanisms: a nucleating bubble reported in literature during pool boiling

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Schematic of a pore and tunnel structure. Redrawn from Ref. [38].

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Surfaces with hydrophilic network with hydrophilic islands and reverse configurations, images courtesy of Professor Attinger [44]

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: (a) Hierarchical micronanostructures and (b) boiling curves for hierarchical enhanced pool boiling surfaces developed by Chu et al. [46], images courtesy of Professor Wang

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Schematic representation of two types of macroconvection heat transfer outside the influence region of a departing bubble. (a) Bubble departing normal to the surface and liquid flow toward the nucleation site and (b) bubble departing along the heater surface and liquid–vapor flow along the surface away from the nucleation site.

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Contoured fin design based on evaporation momentum force to create separate liquid–vapor pathways: (a) contoured fin geometry and (b) boiling curve with water at atmospheric pressure. Redrawn from Ref. [55].

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Heat transfer mechanism of bubble-induced impinging liquid jet into the microchannel: (a) type 1–sintered fin tops and (b) type 2–sintered channel. Redrawn from Ref. [61].

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Separate liquid–vapor pathways induced by nucleating regions separated by feeder channels: (a) photograph showing the departing bubbles in the nucleation region and the feeder channels, (b) schematic showing the macroconvection enhancement mechanism with separate liquid–vapor pathways [63], (c) to-view of the feeder microchannels directing liquid to nucleating regions, (d) use of pin fins inside the feeder microchannels for further enhancement, and (e) offset strip fins replacing the feeder microchannels

Date of download: 10/31/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Enhanced Macroconvection Mechanism With Separate Liquid–Vapor Pathways to Improve Pool Boiling Performance J. Heat Transfer. 2017;139(5):051501-051501-11. doi:10.1115/1.4035247 Figure Legend: Comparison of different enhancement techniques; Tall microstructures–Li et al. [36], Mori and Okayuma [37]; Bi-conductive–Rahman et al. [57]; Nanomicro ridges–Zou and Maroo [49], Jaikumar et al. [50]; Wicking microstructures–Rahman et al. [48], Chu et al. [46]; Nakayama et al. [38]; Separate liquid–vapor pathways (enhanced microconvective mechanism), Cooke and Kandlikar [58], Kandlikar [55], Patil and Kandlikar [60], Jaikumar and Kandlikar [63]: (a) CHF versus wall superheat, (b) HTC versus CHF, and (c) images of the respective enhanced surfaces