Examination of the patient with calf pain (a) Active movement—plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (standing). The functional competence can be assessed during.

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Examination of the patient with calf pain (a) Active movement—plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (standing). The functional competence can be assessed during a bilateral or unilateral heel raise-and-drop until pain is reproduced (b) Passive movement—ankle dorsiflexion (knee flexion). Examine with the knee flexed and add overpressure (c) Passive movement—ankle dorsiflexion (knee extension). Examine with the knee extended and add overpressure (Homan’s sign) (d) Stretch—gastrocnemius (back leg). Examine with the knee in full extension and the heel on the ground (e) Stretch—soleus (lunge test). The patient should flex the knee so that it passes vertically over the third toe to prevent excessive pronation. Record the range of motion and compare both sides (f) Palpation. The patient should actively contract and relax the muscles and the ankle should be moved passively through dorsiflexion and plantarflexion during palpation. The gastrocnemius may be palpated in the relaxed position by placing the knee in flexion and the ankle in plantarflexion. Feel for swelling and defects in muscle or tendon tissue (g) Special test—calf squeeze test. The calf is squeezed. If no ankle plantarflexion occurs, there has been a complete tear of the Achilles tendon or musculotendinous junction (h) Special test—neurodynamic test (slump test) Source: Calf pain, Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e Citation: Brukner P, Clarsen B, Cook J, Cools A, Crossley K, Hutchinson M, McCrory P, Bahr R, Khan K. Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e; 2017 Available at: http://csm.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1970/bru61384_3902_new.png&sec=152759710&BookID=1970&ChapterSecID=152759640&imagename= Accessed: October 31, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved