Judaism and Islam

Chapter Three Section Four The Origins of Judaism

Judaism and Islam Objective Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam

Setting the Stage the Phoenicians lived in a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea that was later called Palestine Canaan (Kay*nuhn) was the ancient home of the Hebrews, later called the Jews their history, legends, and moral laws are a major influence on Western culture began a tradition shared by Christianity and Islam

The Search for the promised land early history of Hebrews is contained in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible ** Jews call these books the Torah (TAWR*uh) and consider them the most sacred writing in their traditions ** Christians = Old Testament ** Abraham is the “father” of the Hebrew people because he was chosen by God **

The Search for the promised land 1800 B.C. moved his people to Canaan 1650 B.C. moved to Egypt Hebrews were monotheists monotheists: a belief in a single god Yahweh looked after the Hebrews because Abraham promised to obey him; followed a covenant covenant: mutual promise between God and the founder of the Hebrew people

Moses and the Exodus At first, Hebrews were given places of honor in the Egyptian kingdom; later they were forced into slavery 1300 B.C. – 1200 B.C. the Hebrews fled Egypt = “Exodus” Moses was the person who led the Hebrews out of bondage all first male heirs killed survived and raised by an Egyptian princess

** the Ten Commandments sacred by the Hebrews ** Moses and the Exodus Moses climbed to the top of Mount Sinai and brought down two stone tablets Ten Commandments became the basis for the civil and religious laws of Judaism ** the Ten Commandments are followed and held sacred by the Hebrews **

Hebrew Law Ten Commandments were part of a code of laws this code resembled Hammurabi’s Code with its attitude of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” strict justice softened by expressions of God’s mercy Hebrew law requires believers to worship God and to treat other human beings fairly ethical monotheism = live a good moral life and emphasis on the right conduct Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were influenced by ethical monotheism

** Hebrew’s ** sacred to them ** 1. the Ten Commandments and the Torah are sacred to them 2. they were overrun by the Assyrians and the Babylonians and were allowed to return home after the Persians took over their land 3. Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the Covenant **

Essential Question In what ways are the laws delivered to Moses similar to Hammurabi’s Code? Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

Chapter Ten Section One The Rise of islam

Judaism and Islam Objective Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam

Setting the Stage the cultures of the Arabian Peninsula were in constant contact with one another for centuries Southwest Asia (Middle East) was a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe where goods were traded and new ideas were shared one set of shared ideas would become a powerful force for change in the world – the religion of Islam

Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads for three continents – Africa, Europe, and Asia Arabia, Oman, and a few oases can support agriculture remainder of land is desert; inhabited by nomadic Arab herders Bedouins (BEHD*oo*ihnz) = Arab nomads (tribes / clans) Bedouins ideals of courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills would become the Islamic way of life

Mecca during certain holy months, caravans stopped in Mecca brought religious pilgrims who came to worship at an ancient shrine in the city called the Ka’aba (KAH*buh) Arabs associate Ka’aba with Abraham, a Hebrew prophet and a believer in one God many gods were worshipped overtime; the Ka’aba contained more than 360 idols brought by many tribes

Mecca Allah was known on the Arabian Peninsula Allah: Arabic for the concept of belief in one god Christians and Jews lived in the Arabian Peninsula and practiced monotheism mixed religious environment, around 570 A.D., Muhammad was born

The prophet Muhammad Muhammad (570 A.D. – 632 A.D) Muhammad was born into the clan of a powerful Mecca family orphaned at age six raised by his grandfather and uncle received little school and began working in the caravan trade at 25, became a trader and business manger married Khadijah (kah*DEE*juh)

Revelations Muhammad took great interest in religion and often spent time alone in prayer and meditation at 40, Muhammad’s life changed overnight a voice called to him while he meditated in a cave outside Mecca according to Muslim belief, the voice was that of the angel Gabriel the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah Muhammad believed that the Lord spoke to him through Gabriel Muhammad became convinced that he was the last of the prophets

** Muhammad was the founder of Islam ** Revelations ** Muhammad was the founder of Islam ** Muhammad began to teach that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned Islam: submission to the will of Allah Muslim: one who has submitted 613 A.D. Muhammad had begun to preach publicly in Mecca

Revelations Muhammad met with hostility 622 A.D. he decided to leave Mecca 630 A.D the prophet and 10,000 of his followers marched to the outskirts of Mecca Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba most Meccans pledged loyalty to Muhammad and converted to Islam

Beliefs and Practices of Islam the main teaching of Islam is that there is only one God, Allah Islam teaches: there is good and evil each individual is responsible for the actions of his or her life to be a Muslim, ALL believers have to carry out five duties = Five Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars Faith – statement of faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah” Prayer – five times a day facing Mecca to pray Alms – Muslims have the responsibility to help the less fortunate = special religious tax Fasting – Islamic month of Ramadan, Muslim’s fast between dawn and sunset = their spiritual needs are greater than their physical needs Pilgrimage – all Muslims who are physically and financially travel to Mecca at least once

Beliefs and Practices of Islam ** Islam must follow the Five Pillars ** carrying out the Five Pillars of Islam ensures that Muslims live their religion while serving in their community Islam has no priests or central religious authority every Muslim is expected to worship Allah directly the Qur’an is the holy book of the Muslims and is written in Arabic

Beliefs and Practices of Islam Muslims believe that Muhammad’s mission as a prophet: to receive the Qur’an to demonstrate how to apply it to life Sunna (SOON*uh) – Muhammad’s example – is the best model for proper living Shari’a (shah*REE*ah) – system of laws that regulates the family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims

Links to Judaism and Christianity Allah is the same God that is worshiped in Christianity and Judaism ** Muslims beliefs: ** view Jesus as a prophet, not the Son of God ** Qur’an as the world of Allah as revealed to Muhammad, in the same way that Jews and Christians believe the Torah and the Gospels were revealed to Moses and the New Testament writers Qur’an perfects the earlier revelations = final book and final prophet Christian and Jews are “people of the book” because each religion has a holy book with teachings similar to those of the Qur’an extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews all three faiths believe in heaven, hell, and the day of judgment j trace their ancestry to Abraham

Essential Question In what ways are the teachings of the Muslims similar to those of Christians and Jews? Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

Judaism and Islam Objective Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam