Growing Conflict with England

Pontiac’s Rebellion Define: Reasons the rebellion occurred: 1763 Pontiac rallied various Native American tribes to attack the British and their military forts Reasons the rebellion occurred: Natives did so because the British did not show the natives as much tolerance as the French formally did More colonists began to settle on native land and refused to give supplies to the Natives as the French had

Pontiac’s Rebellion Colonists’ Reaction: Most colonists didn’t see anything wrong with their treatment of the Native Americans=little changed

Proclamation of 1763 Define: Reason Passed: Colonists’ Reactions: Parliament said the colonists were to settle east of the Appalachian Mountains and the Native Americans were to settle west Reason Passed: Pontiac’s Rebellion Colonists’ Reactions: Ignored the Proclamation since they argued they earned the right to settle on the Ohio Valley Even stationed troops along the Appalachian Mountains could not prevent the colonists from crossing the Proclamation line

Sugar Act Define: Reasons Passed: 1764 Placed an import tax on foreign molasses and sugar being shipped into the colonies Directly affected merchants (import tax) Called for strict enforcement of the act and harsh punishment for smugglers Reasons Passed: England needed money to repay the costs of the French and Indian War and looked to the colonists for a solution In the past, the king had asked the colonial assemblies to pass taxes to support the military actions that took place in the colonies This is the first time Parliament voted to tax the colonists directly Remember no consent from the colonists, but the citizens in Great Britain were being taxed as well

Sugar Act Colonists’ Reactions: The act actually lowered an existing tax on sugar and molasses Still, most colonists thought the war had been fought to protect British trade, not them, and thought it was only right that the parent country take responsibility in defending its empire “Taxation without representation is tyranny” Grenville argued that the colonists were subjects of Great Britain and enjoyed the protection of its laws, therefore, they were subject to taxation as well

Quartering Act Define: Reasons Passed: Colonists’ Reaction: 1765 Required colonists to pay for quartering-housing and feeding-British soldiers in the area Reasons Passed: Great Britain would save money Way to enforce the Proclamation Act and hopefully keep peace with the Native Americans Colonists’ Reaction: Annoyed colonists who objected to having the British soldiers in the colonies and their homes

Stamp Act Define: Reason Passed: 1765 Forced colonists to pay a special tax on certain items that were then stamped to show the tax had been paid These items included a number of everyday items, such as newspapers, playing cards and legal documents such as licenses and diplomas Reason Passed: Direct tax (unlike the Sugar Act)=More money

Stamp Act Colonists Reactions: The colonists knew that one basic right of British citizens was to be taxed only be the representatives they had elected; yet no colonists voted in Parliament elections The Stamp Act violated the idea of “no taxation without representation” Patrick Henry and the House of Burgesses took the lead in protesting the Act Stamp Act Congress met in NYC in 1765 and sent a polite petition to King George III

Stamp Act Colonists Reactions: Riots started and spread Sons of Liberty originated Colonial merchants signed boycott agreements Tax collectors were attacked Grenville and others in England were shocked at the colonial reactions and still felt they had every right to tax the colonists Parliament felt repealing the Stamp Act would weaken their ability to govern Great Britain’s colonial empire, but trade was being hurt for both the colonies and Great Britain (boycotting & smuggling) so in March 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because they deemed the Act useless since very few were adhering to it At the same time, however, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act

Townshend Acts Define: Reason Passed: 1767 Import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper and tea coming into the colonies Townshend thought taxes on goods entering the colonies would anger colonists less than direct taxes Also allowed for writs of assistance to prevent smuggling Reason Passed: Parliament still needed to raise money

Townshend Acts Colonists’ Reactions: Still taking money out of the colonists’ pockets without their consent Writs of assistance violated natural rights Samuel Adams pushed boycotting taxed goods Sent more petitions to Parliament Merchants and planters signed nonimportation agreements=Trade with Great Britain fell sharply Daughters of Liberty were organized Colonial leaders asked for peaceful protests, but riots continued=Officials called for more British troops, fearing a loss of control

Recap & Review What was Parliament’s main argument for passing taxes? What was the rebuttal to this argument by some of the colonists? What is the main difference between the Sugar Act and Stamp Act? Define the Quartering Act. How did some colonists protest the taxes? Why did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act? Define the Declaratory Act.