Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey Jerry Z. Park and Kenneth R. Vaughan Baylor University

Criticisms of US Conventions for Studying religion Affiliation Social & personal practice Personal Beliefs Christian-centric / Protestant biased Congregational focus US focus

Comparing US Religion and Korean Religion KGSS, 2016 US GSS, 2016

Denominational Disaggregations US: Protestant/ Christian disambiguation Korea: Buddhist, Protestant disambiguation? Buddhist Denominations/ traditions: Chogye, Son, Won Protestant Denominations: Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist Protestant Denominations II: charismatic/ Pentecostal Global Pentecostalism Pew Research Center, 2006

Expanding Categories: Charismatic Pentecostal Christians Buddhist diversity? (Son: Chogye, Taego; Won) Other notable religions? (e.g. Unification Church)

Expanding Affiliation Categories: Confucianism as Religion?

Indicators of Religiosity: Practice KGSS, 2016 Alternative metrics for social dimension of religion? Buddhist communal mantra, bowing meditation, recitations US GSS, 2016

Ancestor Veneration as Private and Familial Religious Practice Identification

Ancestor Veneration as Private and Familial Religious Practice

Indicators of Religiosity: Belief (US) Conservative Christian belief strongly associated with: Political attitudes Social attitudes (Korean) Christian equivalent? (Korean) Buddhist equivalent? (Korean) Confucianist equivalent?

Summary Korean religious distribution warrants changes to KGSS religion questions Diversification within Christianity Diversification within Buddhism Inclusion of Confucianism Qualitative: inclusion of unique Korean religions Korean religious practices warrant changes to KGSS religion questions Personal: Ancestor veneration, Buddhist practices Social: Buddhist communal practices New: Korean national identity and religion

Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey Jerry Z. Park and Kenneth R. Vaughan Baylor University