Dating artefacts and people This helps archaeologists to understand the remains of past times

How old? Scientific Methods Retroactive page 8-9 Tree ring dating is used on __________________ The scientists use the tree _____________ which develop each _________________ to discover when a _______________ or ___________________ was made. They need to _________________ the growth rings with a pattern that has ___________________________

Radiocarbon dating is used for things that were once ______________ eg ______________, __________, ___________, ______________, _______________ and _______________ All organisms absorb ____________. Carbon-14 is __________________. When the organism no longer absorbs it from the atmosphere, it ____________ radiation and changes to nitrogen-14. The amount ___________ can be measured. NB Radiocarbon dating is not able to date anything older than 60 or 70 000 years old.

Thermoluminescence dating is used for ______________ or ____________ objects The scientists _______________ objects to a very _____________ level and then _______________the light __________ that the objects _______________. Dog, China. Terracotta, 58 cm. Thermoluminescence analysis gave an age of 2000 years (± 20%)

DNA analysis page 8-9 Why is this a useful tool for archaeologists? How can archaeologists obtain a sample of DNA? Give an example of the usefulness of science for understanding family relationships: investigate Hatshepsut’s mummy What does this information from The Guardian reveal about the origins of mankind? Discovery of oldest human DNA in Spanish cave sheds light on evolution Scientists say DNA strands in thigh bone of 400,000-year-old early human can help build clearer picture of human family tree