CELLS
Cell Theory The cell theory states: All ______ _______are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from _________ _________________________.
Cell Diversity
Unicellular Organisms All organisms are made of cells, but sometimes a cell is the organism A unicellular organism is an organism made of one cell
Multicellular Organism Multicellular organism are organisms made up of many cells Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks this is called cell specialization
Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are: Cells tissues organs organ systems
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus Less complicated Eukaryotic cells contain a NUCLEUS in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell Contain membrane bound organelles (ex. mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosome)
CELL ORGANELLES WHATS THE DIFFERENCE? Organelles are VERY SPECIAL structures that perform important cellular functions. Animal Cell Plant Cell WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?
NUCLEUS CONTROL CENTER CONTAINS DNA/RNA and CONTROLS EVERYTHING NUCLEAR ENVELOPE IT’S SO SPECIAL….. IT GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE REGULATES WHAT COMES IN AND OUT
NUCLEUS WHY IS IT SO SPECIAL??
THEY DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS ZOMG – What does that mean? BLOOD CELLS THEY DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS ZOMG – What does that mean?
Cell Membrane FUNCTION: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. STRUCTURE: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
CELL MEMBRANE
YES, YOU MAY ENTER.
CYTOPLASM – PORTION OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS JELLY LIKE HOLDS ORGANELLES
MITOCHONDRIA POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL MAKES ATP = MAKES ENERGY FOR THE CELL IT’S SO SPECIAL, IT ALSO GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE MIGHTY MITO!
WHAT KIND OF HUMAN CELLS HAVE A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA?? WHY??
RIBOSOME MAKES PROTEIN
IF A CHEMICAL POISON ENTERED THE CELL AND DAMAGED THE RIBOSOME, WHAT WOULD HAPPEN?
SOME ANTIBIOTICS TARGET THE RIBOSOME OF PROKARYOTES. WHY DID SCIENTISTS DESIGN THEM THAT WAY?
GOLGI COMPLEX – Sorts and packages proteins for delivery to certain parts of the cell It’s like The POST OFFICE of The cell
NOTICE THE SHAPE!! NOTICE THE LITTLE SACS COMING OFF THE SIDES. HOW DOES IT PACKAGE STUFF UP? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE GOLGI MADE A MISTAKE?
LYSOSOMES DIGESTS CELLULAR WASTES HAS ENZYMES INSIDE THEM ALSO HAS A MEMBRANE AROUND IT! “GARBAGE MAN CREW”
CENTRIOLE – Located in Animal cells Help the cell divide Organizes the microtubules and chromosomes
WHEN IT IS TIME TO DIVIDE AND MAKE ANOTHER CELL…. CENTRIOLES MOVE TO THE OUTSIDE AND HELP MAKE IT HAPPEN LIKE A BOSS…Just Sayin….
Some cancer drugs destroy the centriole – WHY?
PLANTS HAVE ORGANELLES TOO!! REMEMBER, They are EUKARYOTES!
CHLOROPLAST – FOUND IN PLANTS Take LIGHT from SUN and turn it into chemical energy – SUGAR and OXYGEN!
CHLOROPLAST
VACUOLE – Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates, wastes PLANTS HAVE A HUGE VACUOLE!!!!!
ANIMALS HAVE TINY ONES! Vacuoles store food, water, and other materials that can be used by the cell.
NO MORE ORGANELLES FOR NOW!
Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells Animal Cells Plant and Animal cells have traits in common and traits that differ Traits of both plant and animal cells: Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm
Plant Cells Have a cell membrane AND cell wall Contain chloroplasts Contain a large vacuole (for water storage)
Animal Cells Have only a cell membrane Contain the organelle centriole
ADD THESE TO YOUR LIST! RIBOSOME ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI APPARATUS CENTRIOLE CHLOROPLAST VACUOLE
Endoplasmic Reticulum – assembles lipid components of cell membrane and some proteins are modified Smooth vs. Rough