Human Geography / Cartography

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Globalization and Culture In a globalized world, connections are many and simple answers few.
Advertisements

Key Issue 3: Why are different places similar?
SPREADING AND CONNECTING. SCALE Scale is the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and Earth as a whole. There are many scales from.
Why are different places similar???
Key Issue 3: Why are Different Places Similar?
AP Human Geography Unit 1: Connections
Culture AP Human Geography.
Ch.1 Section #2. Uniqueness of Place Place (a point on Earth): Unique Location of a Feature Four ways to identify location:  - Place Names  - Site 
Globalization and Culture AP Human Geography. What is globalization? Globalization refers to the process by which something involves the entire world.
Why are Different Places Similar?. Scale from Local to Global.
Five Themes of Geography (Mr. Help)
Distribution and Spatial Interaction Distribution and Spatial Interaction Distribution Distribution – arrangement of feature in space…properties of distribution…
Thinking Geographically AP Human Geography Mr. Larkins.
Key Issue # 3 – Why are Different Places Similar?
Arianna Brown Block- 4. o Diffusion is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time. (Spatial Interaction)
Ch.1 Section #2. Uniqueness of Place Place (a point on Earth): Unique Location of a Feature Four ways to identify location:  - Place Names  - Site 
Why are different places similar?.  Local scale = unique features  Global scale = broad patterns  Globalization – Action or process that involves.
Everything else you need to know from Unit 1..  Situation identifies a place by its location relative to other objects.  Situation helps us find an.
Connection: Interaction Between Places Chapter 1 section 10.
Thinking about Connections.   Geographers apply the term space-time compression to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach.
Diffusion Confusion ?????????. Movements The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in.
SCALE.   The interplay between the uniqueness of each place and the similarities among places lies at the heart of geographic concern for scale.  At.
Chapter 1 Key Issue 3 Why Are Different Places Similar?
W HAT TO DO :. S CALE : L OCAL VS G LOBAL We study global processes & patterns more now than before. Why?
Objective: Students will examine human impact on their environment Essential Question: Is it progress when humans change their environment Lang Obj: Students.
By what two factors do geographers observe that people are being pulled in opposite directions? factors. A. latitude and longitude B. government and religion.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Why are different places similar?
Objective: Students will examine the process of diffusion Essential Question: how are ideas spread? Lang Obj: Students will record key vocabulary and discuss.
Chapter 1 Key Issue #3 Why Are Different Places Similar?
Why are Different Places Similar?. Why Are Different Places Similar? Scale, space, and connections help geographers explain why similarities among places.
Introduction to Human Geography Unit 1 Ch. 1. Section 1: Thinking ‘Bout Space!
Human Geography / Cartography Why Are Different Places Similar? Scale: the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the Earth as.
Globalization.
Important Concepts Unit I.
Chapter 1 Key Issue 3 Why Are Different Places Similar
Characteristics of Place, Site and Situation
Chapter 1 This Is Geography
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
This is Geography Chapter 1.
Spacial Association & Distribution
Why Are Different Places Similar?
Why are different places similar?
Thinking Geographically
Why Are Different Places Similar?
Key Issues How do geographers describe where things are? Why is each point on Earth unique? Why are different places similar? Why are some human actions.
Ch.1 Section #2.
SPREADING AND CONNECTING
Part 1 Mr. Zonnefeld & Mr. Rist Tuesday, November 28, 2017
Warm up. LOOK AT YOU SHIRT TAG and write down where it comes from.
Ch.1 Section #2.
Thinking Geographically
YOU HAVE 30 MINUTES TO FINISH THE WORKSHEET FROM YESTERDAY AND DO THE FRONT OF THE WORKSHEET ON THE ROUND TABLE… READY SET GO!
Chapter 1 This Is Geography
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
CHAPTER 1-THINKING GEOGRAPHICALLY
Culture, diffusion, & geographic concepts
Start studying for your test! I’m watching you!
Key Issue 3: Why are different Places Similar?
Cultural Diffusion AP HG SRMHS Mr. Hensley.
AP Human Geography Unit 1: Connections
APHuG Global Concepts Chapter 1: Key Issue 3.
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Spacial Association & Distribution
Two Types of Diffusion Relocation Gets weaker in the core.
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Why are different places similar?
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Globalization Unit 1.
Presentation transcript:

Human Geography / Cartography Why Are Different Places Similar? Scale: the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole Local scales: neighborhoods (see unique features) Global scales: encompass entire world (see broad patterns)

Geography matters today because it can explain human actions at all scales Globalization: a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope -very few people are isolated from other groups -globalization means that the scale of the world is shrinking -more interactions -world is becoming more uniform, integrated, and interdependent Most economic activities undertaken in one region are influenced by interaction with other regions I.e.—choice of crop to grow influenced by other markets --factory location dependent upon bringing raw materials as well as shipping the final product

Transnational corporation: conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries -aka—multinational corporations -has led the globalization movement In the past, it was extremely difficult to transfer money from one country to another Modern technology allows money, as well as materials, products, technology, and other economic assets, to move around the world Three Major Centers of the Global Economy: New York London Tokyo

Every place in the world is part of the global economy Globalization has led to more specialization at the local level -each place has assets which make it valuable -minerals, educated workers… -transnational corporations remain competitive by correctly identifying the optimal location for its different stages of operation -conducting research, developing engineering systems, extracting raw materials, producing parts, manufacturing, storing finished products, selling products, managing operations, marketing… -suitable locations may be clustered together or spread throughout the world

Globalization highlights economic differences found among places -factories close in one place and open in another -some areas used for technological research -some areas have many low-skilled workers Regional workers specialize in particular tasks Globalization of Culture Increasing uniform cultural preferences produce uniform ‘global’ landscapes of material artifacts and of cultural values -fast-food restaurants, service stations, and retail chains deliberately try to create similar visual appearance at different locations -customers know what to expect no matter where in the world they are

McDonalds in Germany, Beijing, Russia, Israel, and Japan

Local cultures are being threatened by global interactions -people around the world want to drive a car, own a house, and watch television -global ideas such as wearing blue jeans, Nikes, eating at McDonalds and drinking Coca-Cola are threatening local customs English is becoming a global language People are moving away from traditional religions and are converting to Christianity and Islam As more people aspire to become part of the global culture, local cultural beliefs are threatened with extinction New communications and technology try to preserve cultural diversity -television shows can be viewed in many different languages all over the world

Sometimes a groups ambition to retain its cultural traditions can lead to intolerance of people with different ideas -political disputes, unrest, and wars have erupted in areas where different culture groups are unable to share the same space -Southeast Europe, East Africa, Middle East Taliban Government of Afghanistan: -extreme opposition to globalization -banned television shows from the West -restricted women’s activities -supported public floggings and severing of limbs to those who didn’t support the local customs -supported the 9/11 attack on World Trade Center and Pentagon -saw these as visual symbols of U.S. led globalization

Human geographers recognize that many contemporary social problems result from tension between forces promoting a global culture and economy versus the preservation of local economic autonomy and cultural traditions Space: Distribution of Features Geographers think about the arrangement of people and activities found in space and try to understand why these people and activities are distributed across space as they are

Compare History to Geography: Historians identify the dates of important events and explain why human activities follow each other chronologically WHEN AND WHY Geographers identify the location of important places and explain why human activities are located beside one another as they are in space WHERE AND WHY Historians understand that an action at one point in time can result from past activities that can in turn also affect future actions Geographers understand that an action at one point in space can result from something happening at another point, which can affect conditions elsewhere Geographers have the luxury of traveling to different places

Distribution: the arrangement of a feature in space -may be numerous or scarce -may be close together or far apart Spatial distribution consists of: -density -concentration -pattern Every human-made or natural object on Earth occupies a unique space

Density: the frequency at which something occurs in space arithmetic density: the total number of objects in an area -commonly used to compare population distribution between countries *A large TOTAL number does not necessarily mean a high density -China has 1.3 billion inhabitants, yet Belgium has a higher population density per square mile -high population densities are not related to poverty -Mali has 9 people per square mile Netherlands has 1230 people per square mile There are also other ways to measure density physiological density, agricultural density, housing density…

Concentration: the extent of a feature’s spread over space Two Types of Spatial Concentration: 1. Clustered: objects in an area close together 2. Dispersed: objects relatively far apart To compare concentration levels, two features must have the same number of objects over a similar area U.S. Population: -land area is relatively the same -population growth is quite slow (less than 1% per year) with this information, we can determine that population over the United States is becoming more dispersed from previously being more clustered in the Northeast

Concentration is not the same as density! Locations of Major League Baseball Teams, 1952, 2000: -increased from 16 to 30 teams over the same land area -increased density -6 of the 16 teams moved; 14 new teams were added -decreased cluster; became more dispersed into West and Southwest

Pattern: the geometric arrangement of objects in space -some features distributed in a geometric pattern while others are distributed irregularly Linear distribution: stores along a street, subway stations Rectangles: city blocks, township system The distribution of Major League baseball teams follow a regular pattern -being located in the largest metropolitan areas Patterns in space vary according to gender and ethnicity -males and females have different roles that affect their movements through space -most U.S. neighborhoods are virtually “all white” or “all colored” which effects where ethnic groups move through space

Space-time compression: term used to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place -modern communications and technology make distant places seem less remote and more easily accessible -this helps to promote rapid change as cultures and economies of one place reaches other places much more quickly than before Spatial Interaction Up to about 1800, most forms of interaction among cultural groups required physical movement -now, travel time is greatly reduced -travel is not even necessary as images and messages can be instantly transmitted When places are connected to each other through a network, geographers say there is a spatial connection between them

Interaction among groups can be slowed by barriers -physical: oceans, mountains, deserts -cultural: language, religion, traditions Distance Decay: the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact -contact diminishes with increased distance -eventually disappears -electronic communications have removed some barriers

Diffusion: the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time -ideas today can diffuse quite quickly Hearth (node): the place from which an innovation originates -geographers document the location of nodes and how diffusion occurs -many dominant cultural, political, and economic features of contemporary U.S. and Canada can be traced to their hearths in Europe and in the Middle East -for a person, object, or idea to have interaction with another person, object, or idea, diffusion must occur

Two Basic Types of Diffusion: Relocation Diffusion—the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another -when people migrate, they carry their culture -the concentration of the Spanish language found in Little Havana in Miami is the result of Relocation Distribution -the distribution of AIDs cases in the United States -1980—New York, Florida, and California were nodes of origin -by 1993, AIDs cases reported in every state -new medicines have since dropped the overall AIDs cases in U.S.

Expansion Diffusion—the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process hierarchical diffusion: the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places -spread of Indo-European languages -spread of Hip-Hop music from large urban centers to rural areas contagious diffusion: the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population -influenza or other disease outbreaks -AIDs prevention methods stimulus diffusion: the spread of an underlying principle, even though the characteristic itself fails to diffuse -Apple’s idea to ‘point and click an icon’ caused IBM to develop Windows systems