Cycles in Matter Describe the short-term carbon cycle. Describe the long-term carbon cycle. How is atmospheric nitrogen converted into ammonium fertilizer that is usable for plants? Besides ammonia, what is another usable form of nitrogen? How do animals obtain nitrogen? What is ammonification? Denitrification? Explain the phosphorus cycle. What negative impacts are humans making on each of the cycles?

EQ: How does Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 Begins with the SUN Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis ENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch Producers

Niche of a Producer Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms. May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants) May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. some archaebacteria)

Habitat of Photoautotrophs On Land Plants In The Sea Algae Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes Cyanobacteria

Tube Worms living in Black Smoker rely on archaebacteria for energy

Quick Thinks What is a producer? How is energy stored in food? What is the formula for photosynthesis?

6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose.

Energy is passed on from producer to consumer (heterotrophs)

Types of Consumers first order (1st) or primary consumers -Herbivores Second order or secondary conumers – Could be a carnivore, an omnivore, a predator or scavenger Detrivore

A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer: Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predator May be a scavenger (detrivores)

Decomposers Fungi & Bacteria

Food Chain Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food) 3rd Order consumer 2nd Order Consumer 1st order Consumer 4th Order Consumer Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food)

Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food chain:

The transfer of energy from the sun to producer to primary consumer then to higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

Energy Pyramids Show Available Energy

More Food Chains

Energy Pyramids Show Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Biomass decreases from one trophic level to the next 10%

Quick Thinks Explain why food chains are rarely more than 4 or 5 organisms long? What do pyramids show us? What happens to energy that is stored in photosynthesis? What percentage of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?

Food Webs: Are interconnected food chains They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

How Many Chains are in this web?

Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers: Count the Food Chains!

Food Web Challenge – Individual assignment for a daily grade.

Ticket Out Quiz Identify the: 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers 4. Herbivores 5. Carnivores 6. Omnivores 7. What elements are missing from this food web? 8. How many food chains are in this food web? 9. Which organisms on the food chain represent the least amount of energy on the food chain? 10. What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?